A (k, l) hash-function combiner for property P is a construction that, given access to l hash functions, yields a single cryptographic hash function which has property P as long as at least k out of the l hash functions have that property. Hash function combiners are used to hedge against the failure of one or more of the individual components. One example of the application of hash function co...

The sequence of hemodynamic events during periods of salt- and water-loading was studied in anephric patients and those with end-stage kidney disease. The 10 patients studied showed four different sequential hemodynamic patterns: 1) no significant increase in blood pressure (BP) in two patients; 2) increase in BP associated with an increase in cardiac output and without change in total peripher...

BACKGROUND An attenuated or absent nocturnal decline in blood pressure has repeatedly been documented in cardiac transplant recipients. The present study was aimed at investigating the hemodynamic mechanism underlying this abnormality. METHODS AND RESULTS In 23 cardiac transplant recipients (11 to 36 months after transplantation) and in 23 control subjects matched for age and 24-hour mean art...

Aswith all amplifier circuits, certain operating conditions can cause instability of a potentiostatic circuit which maymanifest as overshoot, poorly-damped ringing, or in extreme cases full-scale oscillations at the CE output. Instability occurs when the phase shift in the circuit’s feedback loop (the path between the output and the inverting input of U1 in Fig. 2 in the main text) is sufficien...

Background: Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used in medical centers, particularly to treat infections. The resistance developed against these agents is a huge concern in health care. A number of researchers have reported that hospital and municipal wastewaters are among the most important dissemination sources of these agent into the environment. Some, however, do not agree with this opin...

Vasodepressor syncope is characterized hemodynamically by a sudden fall in total peripheral resistance with little associated change in cardiac output. The failure of the cardiac output to compensate for the fall in peripheral resistance is a striking feature of the fainting reaction. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are the presence of neurogenie myocardial inhibition or markedly limi...

Evidence obtained from experiments involving perfusion of vascular beds and cardiac output studies with controlled filling pressure of the right heart before and during ganglionic blockade support the view that the heart of the dog is tonically stimulated by its sympathetic in-nervation. The blockade of this tonic stimulation to the heart permits a reduction in cardiac output. The fall in cardi...

Vasodepressor syncope is characterized hemodynamically by a sudden fall in total peripheral resistance with little associated change in cardiac output. The failure of the cardiac output to compensate for the fall in peripheral resistance is a striking feature of the fainting reaction. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are the presence of neurogenie myocardial inhibition or markedly limi...

In this paper, we present a systematic technique to design bandpass LC Σ∆ modulators with sinusoidal feedback DACs. The output resistance of the DAC degrades the quality factor of the LC resonator and the DAC output capacitance modifies its resonance frequency. It is shown that the DAC output resistance should be taken into account while designing the Q enhancement circuit of the integrated LC ...

The maintenance of blood flow commensurate with the metabolic needs of the body is a fundamental requirement of human life. In the absence of major disease of the vascular tree (e.g., arterial obstruction), the maintenance of appropriate blood flow to the body depends largely on the heart's ability to pump blood in the forward direction. The quantity of blood delivered to the systemic circulati...