This paper develops a model in which physicians choose the level of services to be provided to their patients. We show that if physicians undervalue benefits to patients relative to hospital profits, prospective payment, a system in which hospitals receive a payment dependent on the diagnosis-related group within which a patient falls, can lead to too few services being provided. In contrast, a...

Background and Objectives: A sudden jump in blood demand during natural disasters may have strong negative impact on the performance of blood supply chain. Appropriate response to emergency situations requires predictive approach to determining the optimal allocation of blood supply chain resources for various disaster scenarios. The present study, thus, presents an optimization model aimed at ...

Supply chain management is essential for the success of firms and customer satisfaction. In addition, a suitable performance evaluation system is vital to the effective management of the supply chain. Due to the importance of cost management in the supply chain, an approach based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is proposed in the current study for evaluating the cost efficiency of closed-loo...

Vendor managed inventory (VMI) is an integrated approach for buyer–vendor coordination, according to which the vendor (supplier or manufacturer) decides on the appropriate buyer’s (retailer’s) inventory levels. The time value of money has not traditionally been considered in evaluating VMI supply chain’s total inventory cost in any studies up to now. Therefore, in the present study a new model ...

the present study was focused on supply chain analysis of fresh guava in order to evaluate existing marketing supply chains (sc1: producer - consumer, sc2: producer - retailer - consumer, sc3: producer - commission agent - retailer - consumer, sc4: producer - commission agent - wholesaler - retailer - consumer) for two variety (allahabad safeda and apple guava) of guava. the gross marketing pri...