Abstract North Pacific ocean desert (NPOD) refers to the subtropical Ocean of low chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations, as largest globally. Studies have suggested a development NPOD over recent decades based on limited evidences from in-field measurements and yet elusive mechanism. In this study, we characterize intensity, area position year 1998 2018, investigate its control by coherent clima...

urolithiasis has become a worldwide problem with the prevalence of the disease increasing over the past few decades. while various treatment modalities have evolved over the years, discrepancies exist regarding the clinical indications and the efficacy of each of these treatment options. in the present review, we aim to review the current treatment modalities for urinary tract stones to provide...

Urolithiasis has become a worldwide problem with the prevalence of the disease increasing over the past few decades. While various treatment modalities have evolved over the years, discrepancies exist regarding the clinical indications and the efficacy of each of these treatment options. In the present review, we aim to review the current treatment modalities for urinary tract stones to provide...

Clear-air turbulence (CAT) is hazardous to aircraft and projected intensify in response future climate change. However, our understanding of past CAT trends currently limited, being derived largely from outdated reanalysis data. Here we analyze globally during 1979–2020 a modern data set using 21 diagnostics. We find clear evidence large increases around the midlatitudes at cruising altitudes. ...