OBJECTIVES To ascertain the effects of overtime and psychosocial job conditions on the occurrence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Japan. DESIGN An eight year prospective cohort study. SETTING An electrical company in Japan. PARTICIPANTS In 1984, a mailed questionnaire was sent to industrial workers of an electrical company in Japan. After excluding those who had a hi...

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore what work-related factors were associated with job stress among pediatricians in Japan, as determined by the demand-control-support model and psychosomatic symptoms. We sent an anonymous questionnaire to a random sample of 3,000 members selected from the nationwide register of the Japan Pediatric Society and received 850 responses (response rate,...

In this paper, we study a new variant of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) with time windows, multi-shift, and overtime. In this problem, a limited fleet of vehicles is used repeatedly to serve demand over a planning horizon of several days. The vehicles usually take long trips and there are significant demands near shift changes. The problem is inspired by a routing problem in healthcare, wher...

OBJECTIVE Previous research has suggested that organisational change can contribute to stress-related outcomes for workers. Burnout, one such stress-related outcome, has been conceptualised as a multidimensional construct consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment. Many health care organisations have undergone substantial organisational change over...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the association between long working hours and short sleep duration among Japanese workers. METHODS We selected 4,000 households from across Japan by stratified random sampling and conducted an interview survey of a total of 662 participants (372 men; 290 women) in November 2009. Logistic regression analyses were performed using "sleep duration <6 hours ...

AIMS To analyse the impact of overtime and extended working hours on the risk of occupational injuries and illnesses among a nationally representative sample of working adults from the United States. METHODS Responses from 10,793 Americans participating in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) were used to evaluate workers' job histories, work schedules, and occurrence of occupatio...

Whereas the number of paid overtime hours declined over the last two decades in Germany, a different trend can be observed for unpaid overtime. We analyze future consequences of unpaid work with respect to a worker’s career advancement, such as higher future wages and probabilities of promotion or job retention, which might help to explain why an increasing fraction of employees are working ext...

Taiwan’s Labor Standards Law (LSL) requires employers to implement overtime working hour restrictions. These restrictions have a greater effect on women, who are not allowed to work as many overtime working hours as men. This paper examines two hypotheses: First, as the hour restrictions can encourage the efficiency of workers, it will increase wages for women in the covered sector relative to ...