Ownership types systems organise the heap into a hierarchy which can be used to support encapsulation properties, effects, and invariants. Ownership types have many applications including parallelisation, concurrency, memory management, and security. In this paper, we show that several flavours and extensions of ownership types can be entirely encoded using the standard Java type system. Owners...

Although set-up costs are prevalent and substantial in natural resource extraction, their analysis in decentralized markets is difficult. In particular, it is known that a Walrasian competitive equilibrium cannot exist in simple extraction models with set-up costs thus rendering standard competitive equilibrium analysis inapplicable. However, this paper demonstrates that this result is sensitiv...

Cold storage devices such as tape and optical discs are a good solution for reducing the total cost of ownership for storing data. However, there is a drawback in that media and drives are separated, and placing media into drives when accessing data needs a few minutes of time. Though placing correlated data together in the same medium reduces media exchange, multidimensional searches disrupt i...

Ownership types promise to provide a practical mechanism for enforcing stronger encapsulation by controlling aliasing in objectoriented languages. However, previous ownership type proposals have tied the aliasing policy of a system to the mechanism of ownership. As a result, these proposals are too weak to express many important aliasing constraints, yet also so restrictive that they prohibit m...

The governance life-cycle, is here defined as changes in ownership structure, and including both the identity of the major owner and ownership concentration. The cycle is marked by key events and phases including start-up, initial growth, mature growth, and possibly a crisis and restructuring stage or exit stage. The governance cycle for transitional countries reflects some specific characteris...

We show that the allocation of ownership matters even in long-term relationships where problems of opportunism are less severe unless the agents are very patient. Ownership structure is chosen to give agents the best incentives to cooperate. The optimal ownership structure of the static game restricts the gain from deviation to be the lowest but also the punishment will be minimal. The worst ow...

The study seeks to examine the effect of equity ownership structure on firm financial performance in South Korea. I focus on the role of two main dimensions of the ownership structure: Ownership concentration (i.e., the distribution of shares owned by majority shareholders) and identity of owners (especially, foreign investors and institutional investors). Using panel data for South Korea in 20...

the purposeof this studywas to analyzing factors that effecting on rangeland degradation. statistical population of this research consisted of whole farmer in pirtaj district (n= 1600); from that 120 farmer were selected as sample using cluster sampling. the main tool to collect data was a researcher made questionnaire that content validity of the questionnaire was approved, by a panel of exper...

This paper examines the relationship between firm performance and ownership structure for listed and OTC manufacturing firms in Taiwan. By classifying ownership into three categories (managerial owners, institutional owners and the control group), the study addresses two related empirical issues—the commonly examined piecewise and the Granger causality relationships between ownership and perfor...

C orporate governance structures in the wake of observed differences in firm ownership structures in developed markets and emerging market economies are distinct. In this paper, we examine the effect of an ownership structure of firms on the market reaction to corporate news flows in the context of emerging market economies like India. We observe the price and volume movements associ...