Neutrophil-related, oxidant-mediated injury to the pulmonary microvasculature appears to follow endotoxemia, cutaneous thermal injury, and ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver or intestine. Glutathione is an important endogenous intracellular oxygen radical scavenger. Plasma concentrations of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) reflect oxidant injury resulting from an overdose of certain oxidativel...

Oxidative stress affects clinical outcome in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS). Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are generally considered protective, deleterious properties of HDL have been observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Here, we analysed the association between pro-oxidant HDL and all-cause mortality in STE-ACS patients. We de...

Article history: Received 25 November 2015 Accepted 25 November 2015 Available online 2 December 2015 disease while strikingly there was no signal in subjects without diabetes. These findings, supported by independent studies (Mohammedi et al., 2015), suggest that some individuals have a genetically-driven impairment of anti-oxidant defenses that predispose them to cardiovascular disease in sta...

Potentially damaging species (reactive oxygen, nitrogen and chlorine species) arise as by-products of metabolism and as physiological mediators and signalling molecules. Levels of these species are controlled by the antioxidant defence system. Several components of this system are micronutrients (e.g. vitamins C and E) or are dependent upon dietary micronutrients (e.g. CuZn and Mn superoxide di...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oxidant damage is an important contributor to the premature destruction of erythrocytes and anemia in thalassemias. To assess the extent of oxidant damage of circulating erythrocytes and the effects of antioxidant therapy on erythrocyte characteristics and anemia, we used a mouse model of human beta-thalassemia intermedia (b1/b2 deletion). DESIGN AND METHODS Several ...

Kinsey GR, McHowat J, Beckett CS, Schnellmann RG. Identification of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in mitochondria and its role in mitochondrial oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F853–F860, 2007. First published October 17, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00318.2006.—Oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death mediate pathologies associated with ischemiareperfusion and in...

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is characterized by the loss of NADPH and enhanced erythrocyte oxidant sensitivity. Historically, it has been theorized that the elevated oxidant sensitivity of G6PD-deficient erythrocytes arises as the direct consequence of decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations. To directly investigate the basis of G6PD deficiency oxidant s...

In this study, we show that superoxide production is carried out within intracellular compartments of human neutrophils and not at the plasma membrane following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. Oxidant production was not observed in unstimulated cells. Stimulated cells exhibited superoxide production in two distinct types of intracellular organelles. Initially, activity was detected ...

Oxidant stress is a ubiquitous stressor with negative impacts on multiple cell types. ASK1 is a central mediator of oxidant injury, but while mechanisms of its inhibition, such as sequestration by 14-3-3 proteins and thioredoxin, have been identified, mechanisms of activation have remained obscure and the signaling pathways regulating this are not clear. Here, we report that phosphorylation of ...

Reactive oxidant species (ROS), products of normal metabolism, cause oxidant injury if they accumulate in pathological amounts. Lysozyme (LZ) contains an 18-amino acid domain that binds agents such as advanced glycation end products (AGE) that generate ROS. We examined whether endogenous LZ affected physiological, or baseline, antioxidant balance and provided protection against both acute and c...