the cypress tree mealybug, planococcus vovae (nasonov) (hem., pseudococcidae) is one of the most important pests of cypress trees, especially cupressus semprevirens fastigiata l. in iran. a survey was carried out to determine the natural enemies of cypress tree mea-lybug in tehran province, during 2004-2005. as a result of this study, 17 species of preda-tors, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids b...

There has been very little effort to incorporate foliar microbiomes into plant conservation efforts even though foliar endophytes are critically important to the fitness and function of hosts. Many critically endangered plants that have been extirpated from the wild are dependent on regular fungicidal applications in greenhouses that cannot be maintained for remote out-planted populations, whic...

In this study, researchers studied the evolutionary effects on parasitoids of symbiont-mediated resistance by Acyrthosiphon pisum to the parasitoid, Aphidis ervi. They were able to take advantage of the parthenogenic life cycle of the aphid, allowing them to effectively rule out host evolution as the factor effecting results. They performed several experiments to determine what evolutionary eff...