p21-activated kinase (PAK) has been shown to be an upstream mediator of JNK in angiotensin II (AngII) signaling. Little is known regarding other signaling molecules involved in activation of PAK and JNK by AngII. Rho family GTPases Rac and Cdc42 have been shown to enhance PAK activity by binding to p21-binding domain of PAK (PAK-PBD). In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) AngII stimulated Rac1...

p21-activated kinases (Paks) are prominent mediators of Rac/Cdc42-dependent and -independent signaling and regulate signal transduction and cytoskeletal-based cell movements. We used the reproducible migrations of the Caenorhabditis elegans gonadal distal tip cells to show that two of the three nematode Pak proteins, MAX-2 and PAK-1, function redundantly in regulation of cell migration but are ...

Platelet activation by thrombin or thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) results in extensive actin reorganization that leads to filopodia emission and lamellae spreading concomitantly with activation of the Rho family small G proteins, Cdc42 and Rac1. Evidence has been provided that direct binding of Cdc42guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and Rac1GTP to the N-terminal regulatory domain of the...

The serine/threonine p21-activated kinase (PAK) is an effector for Rac and Cdc42, but its role in regulating cytoskeletal organization has been controversial. To address this issue, we investigated the role of PAK in migration of microvascular endothelial cells. We found that a dominant negative (DN) mutant of PAK significantly inhibited cell migration and increased stress fibers and focal adhe...

PURPOSE The p21-activated kinase-1 (Pak-1) promotes cell motility and invasiveness. Pak-1 is activated by the Rac, Rho, and Cdc42 small GTPases in response to a variety of stimuli including ras and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway activation. Because Pak-1 plays a central role in regulating cell motility and invasiveness, we sought to determine whether Pak-1 may be involved in the mal...

The roles of P21-activated kinase (PAK) in the regulation of axon outgrowth downstream of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are poorly understood. Here we show that PAK1-3 and PIX are expressed in the developing spinal cord and differentially localize to point contacts and filopodial tips within motile growth cones. Using a specific interfering peptide called PAK18, we found that axon outgrow...

A liquid chromatographic method with comfirmation by capillary electrophoresis was used to determine 12 sulfonylurea herbicides in agricultural water. Analysis of 3 different water matrixes fortified at 2 levels gave good recoveries with adequate sensitivity at the 0.1 ppb level. A portion of the water was acidified with acetic acid and loaded onto an RP-102 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartrid...

OBJECTIVE Rho GTPase proteins play a central role in regulating the dynamics of the platelet actin cytoskeleton. Yet, little is known regarding how Rho GTPase activation coordinates platelet activation and function. In this study, we aimed to characterize the role of the Rho GTPase effector, p21 activated kinase (PAK), in platelet activation, lamellipodia formation, and aggregate formation unde...