The genetic structure of populations of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Rhizobium meliloti was examined by analysis of electrophoretically demonstrable allelic variation in 14 metabolic, presumably chromosomal, enzyme genes. A total of 232 strains were examined, most of which were isolated from southwest Asia, where there is an unsurpassed number of indigenous host species for R. m...

Background The medications that are registered and available in a country are meant for the prevention and treatment of ailments and diseases. However, a lack of effective regulatory bodies and operative control mechanisms, especially in developing countries, promotes irrational and inappropriate use of medicines. This study aims to evaluate the availability and rationality of unregistered fixe...

Abstract The South Asia Seasonal Climate Outlook Forum (SASCOF) issues seasonal tercile precipitation forecasts to provide advance warning of anomalously dry or wet monsoon seasons in Asia. To increase objectivity the SASCOF outlook, World Meteorological Organisation recommends using a multi-model ensemble combining most skilful dynamical models for region. We assess skill 12 at forecasting tot...

background coronary heart disease (chd) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in pakistan. the temporal trends in the risk factors for myocardial infarction (mi) and the impact of socioeconomic status on these risk factors remain ambiguous. objectives the objectives of the present analysis were to investigate the potential association between various risk factors and mi in north punj...

The river tern (Sterna aurantia) is considered to be a globally vulnerable species. It native breeding resident of eastern and central Pakistan, Pan India (except the Trans-Himalayan region), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand Cambodia. non-breeding in Nepal, southern Bhutan, Laos Vietnam with vagrant records from Afghanistan Iran. breeds on sandy islands freshwater lakes rivers, rarely estuaries.

The goal of this research was to investigate the potential of newly synthesized gold complex trichloro(2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)Au(III) as an anticancer agent. The gold(III) complex was synthesized and grafted on nanoporous silica, MCM-41, to produce AuCl(3)@PF-MCM- 41 (AuCl(3) grafted on pyridine-functionalized MCM-41). The toxicity of trichloro(2,4,6- trimethylpyridine)Au(III) and AuCl(3)@PF-M...

Fog is a meteorological/environmental phenomenon which happens across the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and leads to significant social and economic problems, especially posing significant threats to public health and causing disruptions in air and road traffic. Meteorological stations in Pakistan provide limited information regarding fog episodes as these provide only point observations. Continuo...

This study investigates the impact of oil price variations, exchange rates, macroeconomic factors and domestic stock volatility in South Asian countries. employs a general autoregressive heteroskedastic (GARCH) model using quarterly data from 2001 to 2021. The results reveal that there is significant relationship between credit factors. We find surprising for set countries; negative asset portf...

BACKGROUND We sought to describe the characteristics and operational dynamics of male sex workers (MSW) and hijra sex workers (HSWs) in 11 cities across Pakistan in 2011. METHODS We report descriptive statistics of self-reported sexual behaviour data from cross-sectional mapping and biological and behavioural surveys conducted among 1431 MSWs and 1415 HSWs in four cities across Pakistan in 20...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains were isolated from travelers or military personnel who developed diarrhea after visiting Nepal or who were deployed to Thailand, Indonesia, or the Philippines. ETEC isolates were examined for colonization factor antigen (CFA). CFAs were identified on 59% (40 of 68) of the isolates examined. The lack of a detectable CFA on 41% (28 of 68) of the iso...