This paper studies asymptotic and finite sample properties of statistics devised to test for the null of no cointegration in nonstationary pooled time series panels as both the cross section and time series dimensions grow large. The paper finds that for panels with homogenous long run parameters, the spurious regression coefficient estimates become consistent even under the null of no cointegr...

This paper examines the e↵ects of liquidity on the demand for imports of non-durable consumers’ goods in Trinidad and Tobago. A parsimonious vector equilibrium correction model (VEqCM) is used to test the hypotheses that liquidity has both longand short-run e↵ects. The multivariate cointegration approach of Johansen and Juselius (1990) is used to determine long-run relations and general to spec...

This study examines the relationship between healthcare expenditure and disposable income in the 50 US states over the period 1966-2009 using fractional integration and cointegration techniques. The degree of integration and nonlinearity of both series are found to vary considerably across states, whilst the fractional cointegration analysis suggests that a long-run relationship exists between ...

We explain why China is a “chaotic” or “strange” attractor of FDI. It is an “attractor” because its FDI inflows increased steadily even though the world FDI inflows have decreased considerably in recent years. It is indeed “strange,” since its rates of FDI return are below the world average and predictions of its economic collapse are abundant. We find that Hong Kong and Taiwan are predominant ...

This paper presents and applies some results on the interpretation of cointegrating regressions. The key concept is the irreducible cointegrating (IC) relation, one from which no variable can be omitted without loss of the cointegration property. Extending earlier results, it is shown that under certain circumstances, IC relations are identified structural forms. It is possible, at least in pri...

In this paper we use new statistical methods to examine the connection between economic expectations and support for the government in the U.S.A. For this purpose, we analyse the order of integration for Congressional Approval and Economic Expectations from a fractional point of view. The results show that though both individual series can be specified in terms of fractional processes, the unit...

This paper fist examines three set of bivariate cointegrations between any two of current accounts, stock markets, and currency exchange markets in ten Asian countries. Furthermore, we examined the effect of country characters on this bivariate cointegration. Our findings suggest that for three sets of cointegration test, each sample country at least exists one cointegration. India consistently...

abstract production is a process by which a productive activity will require some conditions (before and after the start of the production). one of the most important pre-required factors for start up a production unit is suitable business environment. one of the most important factors that must be provided after the start of production -during the production process and the time to market and ...

abstract this study uses annual data over the period 2005-2014 and the panel vecm approach to examine financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in africa. the study shows that financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness are linked by a set of long-run relationships. policy reaction to the positive financial inclusion shock is not significant. policy reaction to the positiv...

This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and tourism development in seven Mediterranean countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the long-run relationship between economic growth and tourism development in a multivariate model with tourism real receipts per capita, the number of international tourist arrivals per capita; real effective exchange rate...