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This study evaluated the effectiveness of Papanicolaou staining for the initial diagnosis of Chlamydial infection in pregnant women. A hundred thirteen patients were examined with a Papanicolaou test, independent of gestational age, parity or maternal age. Three endocervical samples were collected; the first two were collected with a brush (Cytobrush plus, Mediscand, Sweden) and the third with ...

BACKGROUND Data extraction tools (DETs) are increasingly being used for research and audit of general practice, despite their limitations.Objective This study explores the accuracy of Pap smear rates obtained with a DET compared to that of the Pap smear rate obtained with a manual file audit. METHOD A widely available DET was used to establish the rate of Pap smears in a large multi-general p...

BACKGROUND Although the Pap smear is known as one of the effective methods to detect the cervical cancer, a large group of women are reluctant to do the test because of various reasons. Therefore, we carried out this study to determine the level of knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear and the factors influencing the Pap test screening among women. METHODS In this cross-sectional stud...

OBJECTIVE Due to the low sensitivity of Pap smear, premalignant lesions of the cervix can be missed in women with inflammatory Pap smears. However, it is not practically possible to subject all women with inflammatory Pap smear to colposcopy. This study was carried out with the aim to evaluate whether women with persistent inflammation on Pap smear need further evaluation with colposcopy. MAT...

OBJECTIVE We examined the accuracy of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test among women with and women at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS Pap test results and colposcopy findings were compared for 189 HIV-infected women and 95 HIV-uninfected women from the Baltimore HIV Epidemiology Research (HER) study site who were followed up semiannually from 1993 through 1999. C...

Mrs. McTavish is a 25-year old patient whose Papanicolaou (Pap) test results have come back from the laboratory. The smear is described as satisfactory for evaluation; however, it is noted that an inadequate number of endocervical cells were present in the sample. The results of the patient’s past Pap tests have been satisfactory for evaluation and negative for abnormality. She is otherwise wel...

JNCI Vol. 101, Issue 23 | December 2, 2009 “All zoogles are boogles. You saw a boogle. Is it a zoogle?” Question in an SAT examination (Nassim Nicholas Taleb in “The Black Swan”) “Not necessarily” is the resounding answer to this thought experiment, in analogy to the central argument in the debate on the clinical utility of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in cervical cancer screening. Virtua...

PURPOSE To determine the effects of lubrication of the vaginal speculum before insertion during a Papanicolaou test on perceived pain and quality of the cytology specimen. METHODS Four hundred eligible women participating in cervical cancer screening and an early detection program were randomized with respect to lubricant gel use before speculum insertion. Perceived pain during speculum inser...

The amount of money a woman is willing to pay for liquid-based cytology technology has not been measured. In the present study, 175 women answered a questionnaire asking how much they would pay to decrease their risk of dying of cervical cancer if a new (liquid-based) Papanicolaou (Pap) test was used in place of the conventional smear. When women assumed that the new Pap test reduced the risk o...