Given a graph G = (V,E), two players, Alice and Bob, alternate their turns in choosing uncoloured vertices to be coloured. Whenever an uncoloured vertex is chosen, it is coloured by the least positive integer not used by any of its coloured neighbours. Alice’s goal is to minimize the total number of colours used in the game, and Bob’s goal is to maximize it. The game Grundy number of G is the n...

Probabilistic Concurrent Constraint Programming (PCCP) extends concurrent constraint languages by providing probabilistic choice operators. These operators have proved to be useful in implementing randomized algorithms as well as stochastic processes. In this report, we present an instance of PCCP where probabilistic choice operators are modelled with constraint combinators. This modeling allow...

In this research report, we propose a new method to convert a triangular mesh with geometrical and topological defects into a 2-manifold, whose topology (genus and number of connected components) is controlled by the user. We start by converting the input mesh into a thin layer of face-connected voxels; then the topology of this voxel set can be modified by the user thanks to morphological oper...

Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are involved in the contribution of airway epithelial cells to the development of inflammation by release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Here, we evaluated in epithelial cells the influence of LPS and continuous PAR activation on PAR expression level and the release of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8. We studied primary human small airway epithel...

Trypsin and thrombin activate proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), which modulate gastrointestinal motility. The common bile duct is exposed to many proteinases that can activate PARs, especially during infection and stone obstruction. We investigated PAR effects on common bile duct motility in vitro. Contraction and relaxation of isolated guinea pig common bile duct strips caused by PAR(1), ...

Background & Aims of the Study: In this study, 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) as model azo dye was used. In spectroscopic measurements and studies of PAR reagent as a ligand are used to formation a complex with toxic metals. So, removal and degradation these compounds of wastewaters are necessary. The aim of this study is the degradation of PAR from aqueous solutions in circulating fludized ...

Thrombin receptor activation was explored in human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts, cells that are actively involved in skin tissue repair. The effects of thrombin, trypsin, and the receptor agonist peptides SFLLRN and TFRIFD were assessed in inositolphospholipid hydrolysis and calcium mobilization studies. Thrombin and SFLLRN stimulated fibroblasts in both assays to a simi...

Serine proteinases like thrombin can signal to cells by the cleavage/activation of proteinase-activated receptors (PARs). Although thrombin is a recognized physiological activator of PAR(1) and PAR(4), the endogenous enzymes responsible for activating PAR(2) in settings other than the gastrointestinal system, where trypsin can activate PAR(2), are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the huma...

We formulate two new criteria of amenability of discrete equivalence relations: in terms of asymptotically invariant families of leafwise probability measures and in terms of isoperimetric properties of leafwise graph structures. These criteria lead to a geometric proof of the Connes{Feldman{Weiss theorem on coincidence of amenability and hyperrniteness for equivalence relations. Nous consid er...

Dans la section 4f concernant plusieurs plonge-l distincts de Z l est encore distincte de Z l : si B est une variitt ablienne sur un corps K, et si est un sous-groupe de B(K) Zariski dense dans B, il existe 2 qui engendre un sous-groupe Z Zariski dense dans B.. Comme me l'a fait remarquer J-P. Serre, Z 2 est rrunion de trois sous-groupes d'indice 2, tels que (2Z)Z, Z(2Z) et Z(1; 1)+Z(1; 1). D'a...