OBJECTIVE To determine if a causal connection exists between food additives and various medical complaints. DESIGN Literature study. METHOD Medline over the period January 1966-January 1999 was searched for articles on the following substances not containing protein and lactose: monosodium glutamate (MSG), sulfites, azo-dyes (tartrazine, sunset yellow, azorubin, amarant, cochineal red), ben...

Parabens are a group of chemicals used as preservatives in many industrial products such foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Recent studies have revealed that these endocrine disrupting properties. Drosophila melanogaster is one the suitable model organisms to test toxic effect various vivo. In this study, effects methylparaben (MP) (50 mM, 100 200 mM), most commonly parabens, on development...

BACKGROUND Personal care products are a source of exposure to potentially endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, triclosan, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) for adolescent girls. METHODS We enrolled 100 Latina girls in a youth-led, community-based participatory research intervention study to determine whether using personal care products whose labels stated they did not contain...

Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic products and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, their presence the environment is considered to be serious determination important. This paper reports development validation of a new method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for simultaneous five p...

The esterase PrbA from Enterobacter cloacae strain EM has previously been shown to confer additional resistance to the esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) to two species of Enterobacter. The PrbA protein has been purified from E. cloacae strain EM using a three-step protocol resulting in a 60-fold increase in specific activity. The molecular mass of the mature enzyme was determined to be...

The new gene prbA encodes an esterase responsible for the hydrolysis of the ester bond of parabens in Enterobacter cloacae strain EM. This gene is located on the chromosome of strain EM and was cloned by several PCR approaches. The prbA gene codes for an immature protein of 533 amino acids, the first 31 of which represent a proposed signal peptide yielding a mature protein of a putative molecul...

INTRODUCTION Certain phenols and phthalates are used in many consumer products including personal care products (PCPs). AIMS We aimed to study the associations between the use of PCPs and urinary concentrations of biomarkers of select phenols and phthalates among Californian adults and their children. As an additional aim we compared phenols and phthalate metabolites concentrations measured i...

background today, the use of cyclodextrins (cds) is a major concern in drug formulations to improve solubility and stability of compounds. it has been known that cds can reduce the antimicrobial effectiveness of preservatives by formation of inclusion complexes. objectives in this study the interaction between commonly used preservatives, benzalkonium chloride (bzcl) or methyl paraben (mp), wit...