An incorrect concept map may obstruct a student’s comprehension when writing summaries if they are unable to grasp key concepts when reading texts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of automatic scaffolding and measurement of three-layer concept maps on improving university students’ writing summaries. The automatic three-layer concept maps presented in this study include...

The study investigates an impromptu writing task administered to diploma students studying in one of the technical universities on East Coast Malaysia. In particular, it identifies their errors a one-paragraph essay, kind made completing task, and least one-paragraph. samples were 48 undergoing Preliminary Semester taking English as subjects particular semester. found that certain degree using ...