This paper develops a computational model of paraphrase under which text modification is carried out reluctantly; that is, there are external constraints, such as length or readability, on an otherwise ideal text, and modifications to the text are necessary to ensure conformance to these constraints. This problem is analogous to a mathematical optimisation problem: the textual constraints can b...

Paraphrase identification is a core Natural Language Processing task that involves assessing the semantic similarity of two texts. To foster systematic studies of this task, standardized datasets were created on which various approaches could be compared more fairly. However, a better understanding and more precise operational definition of a paraphrase are needed before any further datasets or...

Crowdsourcing, while ideally reducing both costs and the need for domain experts, is no all-purpose tool. We review how paraphrase recognition has benefited from crowdsourcing in the past and identify two problems in paraphrase acquisition and semantic similarity evaluation that can be solved by employing a smart crowdsourcing strategy. First, we employ the CrowdFlower platform to conduct an ex...

We present a corpus of virtual patient dialogues to which we have added manually annotated gold standard word alignments. Since each question asked by a medical student in the dialogues is mapped to a canonical, anticipated version of the question, the corpus implicitly defines a large set of paraphrase (and non-paraphrase) pairs. We also present a novel process for selecting the most useful da...

In this paper, we investigate the impact of context for the paraphrase ranking task, comparing and quantifying results for multi-word expressions and single words. We focus on systematic integration of existing paraphrase resources to produce paraphrase candidates and later ask human annotators to judge paraphrasability in context. We first conduct a paraphrase-scoring annotation task with and ...

for many years, there has been the concept of inner meaning of quran in addition to the outer one, so that, the tendency to paraphrase(tavil) and interpretation(tafsir) altogether, has been in the focal point of attention of this domain, s thinkers. in this field, fayz-e-kashani having an internal tendency to verses taken from philosophical- mystical stores from one hand and quranical-tradition...

The most critical issue in generating and recognizing paraphrases is development of wide-coverage paraphrase knowledge. Previous work on paraphrase acquisition has collected lexicalized pairs of expressions; however, the results do not ensure full coverage of the various paraphrase phenomena. This paper focuses on productive paraphrases realized by general transformation patterns, and addresses...

We propose a new specifically designed method for paraphrase generation based on Monte-Carlo sampling and show how this algorithm is suitable for its task. Moreover, the basic algorithm presented here leaves a lot of opportunities for future improvement. In particular, our algorithm does not constraint the scoring function in opposite to Viterbi based decoders. It is now possible to use some gl...

Abstract In this paper, we study natural language paraphrasing from both corpus creation and modeling points of view. We focus in particular on the methodology that allows extraction challenging examples paraphrase pairs their textual context, leading to a dataset potentially more suitable for evaluating models’ ability represent meaning, especially document when compared with those gathered us...