نتایج جستجو برای: parkinson s disease
تعداد نتایج: 2141834 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Clinical symptoms do not appear until approximately 70% of dopaminergic neurons and 80% of the striatal dopaminergic terminals have been lost. Thus, detecting nonclinical factors such as detecting b...
ôbjective: previous studies reported that individuals with parkinson’s disease are less likely to have smoking history and it seems that nicotine has a neuroprotective effect. the authors have conducted a case-control retrospective study to determine if there is an association between cigarette smoking and parkinson’s disease. methods: ïn a matched case-control study, 92 individuals with parkin...
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