In the present study, we experimentally tested the role of hand motor circuits in simple-arithmetic strategies. Educated adults solved simple additions (e.g., 8 + 3) or simple subtractions (e.g., 11 - 3) while they were required to retrieve the answer from long-term memory (e.g., knowing that 8 + 3 = 11), to transform the problem by making an intermediate step (e.g., 8 + 3 = 8 + 2 + 1 = 10 + 1 ...

2 Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. (2008) Assisted colonization and rapid climate change. Science 321, 345–346 3 Ricciardi, A. and Simberloff, D. (2009) Assisted colonization is not a viable conservation strategy. Trends Ecol. Evol. 24, 248–253 4 Sax, D.F. and Gaines, S.D. (2008) Species invasions and extinctions: the future of native biodiversity on islands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105, 11490...

This paper, Part I of a three-part series, reviews the literature on the neurobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and describes a large group of tests assembled to assess neurobehavioral outcomes of alcohol teratogenesis in 7-year-old children. This paper presents the distribution of these test scores for our sample and discusses their relationships with an alcohol binge score and w...

Complications associated with mechanical ventilation have been extensively described in the literature in the last 3 decades.1 From ventilator-induced lung injury to ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction more recently defined, numerous side effects directly or indirectly related to mechanical ventilation have been identified. As a consequence, so-called lung-protective ventilation could ...

This paper presents a method for the recognition of object class once parts have been detected. The recognition task is formulated as a graph search problem in which the optimal score function is derived from Bayesian maximum a posteriori estimation. An efficient graph search algorithm is used to find the optimal solution. The method differs from previous approaches, such as one proposed by Bur...

The ultimate goal of financial management in a dental school is to accumulate assets that are available for strategic growth, which is a parallel objective to the profit motive in business. Budget development is often grounded in an income statement framework where the goal is to match revenues and expenses. Only when a balance sheet perspective (assets = liabilities + equity) is adopted can st...

The advent of New Zealand’s world-leading Digital Strategy underpins the increasing importance of ICTs in community settings. It also marks a significant change in government policy and the first time a government has adopted a whole of government approach to ICTs. This article provides a personal view of the policy process for creating the Digital Strategy, presented by one of the participants...

This paper will discuss recent initiatives to encourage the development of broadband networks in New Zealand. It is widely believed that the availability of good quality broadband will lead to improved economic development at the regional level. This paper considers the role played by both national and regional government in improving access to broadband. At a national level the government has ...

Organizations are increasingly adopting digital strategies and investing heavily in digital technologies and initiatives. However, to date, there does not appear to be a clear understanding of digital strategies and their purpose, which forms the motivation for this research. This research-in-progress study aims to address this research gap by exploring 1) the various conceptions of digital str...