Autolysis of cell walls from polygalacturonase (PG)-antisense tomato fruit was studied in a conventional buffer designed to maximize the catalytic activity of PG (30 mM sodium acetate, 150 mM NaCl, pH 4.5), and in solutions mimicking the pH and mineral composition of the fruit apoplast at the mature-green and ripe stages. Autolytic release of uronic acids was very limited under simulated apopla...

This study carried out comparative seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames infilled by masonry walls with different heights. Partial and fully infilled reinforced concrete frames were modeled for the research objectives and the analysis model for a bare reinforced concrete frame was also established for comparison. Non–linear static analyses for the studied frames were performed to in...

Granular materials have a tendency to exhibit an arching effect by which the load is transferred from yielding parts to adjacent stationary parts. Retaining walls are among those structures that the soil arching plays an important role in the distribution of earth pressures. This paper briefly reviews the development of soil arching theory and its application to different geotechnical projects....

An active inline mixer, called Rotating Arc-Wall mixer (RAW), suitable for flows at low Reynolds number and high P\'eclet number, is studied. The forcing protocol, imposed by three rotating circular arc-walls, time periodic. We use simple phenomenological arguments to estimate heuristically the mixing efficiency with two nondimensional control parameters: frequency of strength cross flow relati...

in this paper, based on soil plasticity and pseudo-static methods, necessary equations have been derived for determination of total active thrusts due to layered backfill on rigid retaining walls using limit equilibrium approach. for this purpose, the reaction force applied on the failed wedge due to granular backfill has been determined using kotter’s equations. the total lateral thrust and th...