introduction: estrogen is one of the gonadal hormones that has multiple beneficial actions in central nervous system and involves in learning and memory. alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs patient memory. the human nucleus basalis of meynert (nbm) is severely affected in alzheimer's disease. so in this study the effect of peripheral (intr...

objective : in this study, the effects of estradiol valerate and raloxifenea selective estrogen receptor modulator; (serm) on morphine induced sensitization were examined in mice memory, according to the step-down passive avoidance task. method: the mice received morphine or estradiol and raloxifene for three days alone or in combination with morphine. after a drug free period of 5 days, the su...

Objective(s): Auraptene (7-geranyloxycoumarin) (AUR), from Citrus species has shown anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-secretase inhibitory effects. Scopolamine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist which causes short-term memory impairments and is used for inducing animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This research aimed to investigate ...

Lithium is a drug used for the treatment of bipolar disorder. It has several mechanisms of action, and recently it is shown that lithium can antagonize the 5-HT1B/1D serotonin receptors. Sumatriptan is a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist used for the treatment of cluster headaches and migraine which might cause memory impairment as a potential side effect. In this study, effects of lithium on sumatrip...

Introduction: Neurohormones like testosterone and estradiol have an important role in learning and memory. The hippocampus is essentially involved in learning and memory, and is known to be a target for estradiol actions. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are highly expressed in CA1 of rat hippocampus, and mediate the effects of estrogen on learning and memory. Estradiol receptor belong to a family ...

introduction: previous studies have shown that sesame oil affects memory and learning. in the present work, effect of a diet containing 10% sesame oil used during pregnancy was evaluated on short-term passive avoidance learning of offspring rats by shuttle box. methods: female wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 9 each group). control group consumed regular diet during pregnancy and the...

Passive and proactive coping styles are associated with marked differences in behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. Previous studies revealed that the passive individuals are more prone to hyperinsulinemia. Likewise, we hypothesize that different coping styles may require different drugs to treat this. We tested this by treating passive and proactive rats (Roman Low Avoidance and Roman High ...

The aim of this study was to compare the learning performance of Wistar rats in passive avoidance box and open field behavior. Animals were placed in the center of the open field and their behavior was manually recorded for 5 min. Two latency periods, first motion, and exit to the center, the number of inner and outer squares crossed, grooming activity, the number of rearing in the center of th...

Introduction: Exposure to 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) could lead to serotonergic system toxicity in the brain. This system is responsible for learning and memory functions. Studies show that MDMA causes memory impairment dose-dependently and acutely. The present study was designed to evaluate the chronic and acute effects of MDMD on spatial memory and acquisition of passive avoid...

Introduction: Enriched Environment (EE), a complex novel environment, has been demonstrated to improve synaptic plasticity in both injured and intact animals. The present study investigated the capacity of an early environmental intervention to normalize the impairment of passive avoidance memory and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) induced by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-...