The acquisition of a capacity to respond well to sheep erythrocytes in the presence of anti-SRBC antibody was taken as an indication of the presence of immunological memory. By the use of passive immunization, both the primary IgG plaque-forming cell response and the establishment of memory were abolished, despite occurrence of a full peak IgM PFC response. Evidence for regarding the aquisition...

We have recently shown that a monoclonal antibody, designated M131, that binds a surface phosphorylcholine epitope on Treponema pallidum possesses complement-dependent killing activity and confers partial protection in rabbits following passive immunization (Blanco et al., 2005, Infect. Immun. 73:3083-3095). In this study, the protective potential of M131 was further tested using the rabbit ski...

The ability to instantly create a state of immunity as achieved in the passive transfer of hyperimmune globulin has had a tremendous impact on public health. Unlike passive immunization, active immunization, which is the foundation of vaccinology, is an anticipatory strategy with inherent limitations. Here we show that elements of active and passive immunization can be combined to create an eff...

Passive immunity is defined as a particular antigen resistance provided by external antibodies. It can be either naturally or artificially acquired. Natural passive immunization occurs during pregnancy and breast-feeding in mammals and during hatching in birds. Maternal antibodies are passed through the placenta and milk in mammals and through the egg yolk in birds. Artificial passive immunity ...

We raised neutralizing antibodies against Pasteurella multocida (PM) in the serum of rabbits and used these antibodies as immunotherapy in PM-infected rabbits. For this purpose five rabbits were vaccinated three times at 21 days interval, using formalized oil base haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine (OBHSV). A high titer (256 IHA units) of anti-Pasteurella multocida-antibodies in blood serum was d...

The immune system is one of our most complex biological systems in the body. Immunization may be active or passive. The active immunization involves stimulation with an antigen to develop immunological defences against a future exposure and passive immunization involves administration of preformed antibodies to an individual who is already exposed to be exposed to an antigen. Immunomodulatory a...

We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccination regimens using a mathematical simulation model. Passive immunization and two active vaccination strategies (with and without prior screening) were compared with "doing nothing." Hepatitis A antibodies were determined in 2,325 Dutch marines; other input data were retrieved from published and unpublished sources. The prevalence of hepa...

Development of vaccine for contraception is an exciting proposition that could provide a valuable alternative to the presently available methods for birth control. Various targets such as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), leutinizing hormone (LH), zona pellucida (ZP) antigens, sperm antigens, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are being explored for ...

OBJECTIVE Acinetobacter baumannii is considered the prototypical example of a multi- or pan- drug-resistant bacterium. It has been increasingly implicated as a major cause of nosocomial and community-associated infections. This study proposed to evaluate the efficacy of immunological approaches to prevent and treat A. baumannii infections. METHODS Mice were immunized with outer membrane vesic...

Alpha-toxin is a major virulence factor in Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Active or passive immunization with alpha-toxin toxoid could protect against corneal damage. Results show that either form of immunization did not kill bacteria but did significantly protect against corneal pathology, especially epithelial erosion.