20 Genomewide scans of genetic differentiation between hybridizing taxa can identify genome 21 regions with unusual rates of introgression. Regions of high differentiation might repre22 sent barriers to gene flow, while regions of low differentiation might indicate adaptive intro23 gression the spread of selectively beneficial alleles between reproductively isolated genetic 24 backgrounds. Here...

tehran is one of the most polluted metropolises in the world. sink capacity for absorption and assimilation of pollution is reduced generally due to failure in inclusion of ecological aspects in regional land use development planning. the present condition of air and water related issues in tehran are greatly affected by landscape structural alterations at urban level. in this research the focu...

background the aim of the present study was to compare two analgesic techniques for transrectal ultrasound (trus)-guided biopsy: diclofenac patch versus periprostatic nerve block with 1% lidocaine. objectives to study the efficacy of and compare diclofenac patch and periprostatic nerve block as analgesia in trus-guided prostate needle biopsy. patients and methods in total, 60 patients were pros...

background: potyviruses are accounted for 40% of viral diseases of various crops including vegetables and legumes. potyviruses can be transmitted through plant sap, seeds and many aphid species. due to ease of spread of these viruses detection of such viruses are crucial as to the control of the incited diseases. objectives: this study compared the efficiencies of two couples of primers in thei...

In this paper, we propose a new compact quasi-fractal shaped microstrip antenna that consists of a hexagonal patch as the main radiator and a complementary stacked patch as the parasitic element. The overall surface of the proposed quasi-fractal patch is about 55% lower than the conventional hexagonal patch. Using of stacked technique, the gain reduction of compression technique is almost compe...

Fire management is increasingly focusing on introducing heterogeneity in burning patterns under the assumption that "pyrodiversity begets biodiversity." This concept has been formalized as patch mosaic burning (PMB), in which fire is manipulated to create a mosaic of patches representative of a range of fire histories to generate heterogeneity across space and time. Although PMB is an intuitive...

In the previous paper (Gerfen et al., 1987) mesostriatal dopaminergic neurons were shown to be subdivided into dorsal and ventral tiers that project to the striatal matrix and patch compartments, respectively. The present study provides experimental evidence that these patch-matrix mesostriatal dopaminergic systems are biochemically and developmentally distinct. A 28 kDa calcium-binding protein...

Mesostriatal projections, which arise from dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, and retrorubral area, are compartmentally organized in the striatum. Anterograde axonal tract tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), combined with immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and autoradiographic localization of...