The present research was designed to evaluate different matrix, drug-in-adhesive and reservoir formulations of fentanyl transdermal patches. The target was to design drug-in-adhesive patches (DIAPs); a full factorial design was used. Different types and amounts of liquid, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were used and evaluated with respect to drug release and adhesive properties. A very sim...

using piezoelectric patches the stress concentration around a hole on a plate under tension is reduced and controlled. to attain the reduction in stress two placements for piezoelectric patches is investigated. the first location is top/bottom of the hole with compression induced strain and the second is left/right of the hole with tension induced strains to control the stress flow. the result ...

The aim of this article is to study the buccal patches. Buccal patch is a nondissolving thin matrix modified release dosage form composed of one or more polymer films or layers containing the drug and/or other excipients. Buccal patches have been become an interesting area of novel drug delivery system as the dosage forms designed for buccal administration should not cause irritation and should...

In radiosity algorithms the average radiance of Lambertian patches is approximated by solving a linear system with unknowns. When is small (i.e. fewer than thousands of patches), general matrix methods like Gauss-Siedel can be used where the explicit matrix can be pre-computed and stored [5]. When is large, progressive techniques are used where the matrix rows or elements are recomputed as need...

Maintaining metapopulations is a common theme in the literature of matrix applications. According to metapopulation theory, some subpopulations within patches of habitat will go extinct. These patches will then be recolonized by individuals from other subpopulations. Many articles discuss the influence of dispersal and its associated energy costs and increased mortality risks as a limiting fact...

Because of widespread habitat fragmentation, maintenance of landscape connectivity has become a major focus of conservation planning, but empirical tests of animal movement in fragmented landscapes remain scarce. We conducted a translocation experiment to test the relative permeability of three landscape elements (open habitat, shrubby secondary vegetation, and wooded corridors) to movement by ...

In addition to patch-level attributes (i.e., area and isolation), the nature of land cover between habitat patches (the matrix) may drive colonization and extinction dynamics in fragmented landscapes. Despite a long-standing recognition of matrix effects in fragmented systems, an understanding of the relative impacts of different types of land cover on patterns and dynamics of species occurrenc...

Nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) projections terminate in distinct patches during the late prenatal and early postnatal period in the rat. During the first postnatal week, patches of DA fibers overlap with clusters of striatal neurons that share several identified characteristics. The early segregation of striatal cell types into either these patches or the surrounding matrix becomes a permanent org...