Measurements of the chord length (alpha M0.31) and diameter (alpha M0.35) of the femora, tibiae, humeri and radii from 32 species of mammals, ranging in approximate body mass from 0.020-3500 kg, support previous data which show that mammalian long bones scale close to geometric similarity. Scaling of peak stresses based on these measurements of limb bone geometry predicts that peak stress incre...

Osteoporosis is a disorder characterized by reduced bone strength, diminished bone density, and altered macrogeometry and microscopic architecture. Adult bone mass is the integral measurement of the bone mass level achieved at the peak minus the rate and duration of subsequent bone loss. There is clearly a genetic predisposition to attained peak bone mass, which occurs by a person's mid-20s. Bo...

Fracture risk is determined by bone mass, geometry, and microstructure, which result from peak bone mass (the amount attained at the end of pubertal growth) and from the amount of bone lost subsequently. Nutritional intakes are an important environmental factor that influence both bone mass accumulation during childhood and adolescence and bone loss that occurs in later life. Bone growth is inf...

The natural patterns of bone mass accumulation and loss with age represent the templates of individual life cycle periods that are distinguished by marked, physiologically and genetically identifiable, changes in bone mass. During the third trimester of pregnancy, maternal calcium absorption increases and the fetus accumulates about two-thirds of the total bone mass of the term infant. In early...

Bone tissue is constantly renewed during childhood and adolescence to assure skeleton growth both in size and mineral density: up to 90 percent of peak bone mass is acquired by age 18 in girls and age 20 in boys, which makes youth the best time to "invest" in bone health. The reduction in bone mineral density leading to compromised strength and microarchitecture of bone tissue can favour the oc...

Mechanical loading can be used to increase bone mass and thus attenuate pathological bone loss. Because the skeleton's adaptive response to loading is most robust before adulthood, elucidating sex-specific responses during growth may help maximize peak bone mass. This study investigated the effect of sex on the response to controlled, in vivo mechanical loading in growing mice. Ten-week-old mal...

Osteoporosis is an important contributor to the global burden of disease, and in the UK alone results in one in three women and one in twelve men aged >50 years experiencing a fragility fracture. Optimising peak bone mass in early adulthood is thought to reduce osteoporosis risk by offsetting bone losses in later life. Ensuring sufficient vitamin D status (measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD...

Preterm infants are at risk of metabolic bone disease (MBD) because of an inadequate mineral intake. Although infants with MBD are frequently asymptomatic during the neonatal period, we previously reported that MBD predicted reduced linear growth in infancy and midchildhood. Nevertheless, some studies suggest that preterm infants undergo catch-up growth in bone mineralization during infancy. To...

To date, there has not been a direct examination of the effect that tissue composition (lean mass/muscle, fat mass, bone mineral content) differences between males and females has on how the tibia responds to impacts similar to those seen during running. To evaluate this, controlled heel impacts were imparted to 36 participants (6 M and 6 F in each of low, medium and high percent body fat [BF] ...

background: tea consumption is common in our country and consumes more than coffee and other drinks. many studies investigated the association between coffee and bone mass density (bmd) but there is few study about association between tea and bmd. according to high prevalence of osteoporosis in country and change in demographic patterns that is associated with increasing middle-aged and older a...