A fundamental issue in the network neutrality debate is the extent to which network operators should be allowed to discriminate among Internet packet streams to selectively block, adjust quality of service, or adjust prices. This paper first reviews technology now available for traffic discrimination. It then shows how network operators can use this technology in ways that would make the Intern...

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) possessing a sulfobetaine (SB) moiety at one end and a pentaethylenehexamine (N6) at the other end (SB-PEG-N6) was newly synthesized as a blocking agent for immunosensing surfaces. The N6 moiety strongly coordinates on gold surfaces, facilitating the tethering of the PEG chain to the sensor chip surface, and leaves the SB moiety free. Non-specific adsorption of bovin...

An evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode (EFC-WM) sensor utilizes monolithic SiO2/Si/SiO2 sensing plates having a multilayered structure and is used to evaluate a blocking agent comprising poly(ethylene glycol)-based block copolymers. Factor IX (FIX) protein was detected using its aptamer, viz. FIX was immobilized on a glutaraldehyde-modified silica surface, and then treated with a biotinylat...

A collection of 54 clinical and agricultural isolates of Burkholderia cenocepacia was analyzed for genetic relatedness by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pathogenicity by using onion and nematode infection models, antifungal activity, and the distribution of three marker genes associated with virulence. The majority of clinical isolates were obtained from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients ...

Cognitive radio (CR) is an emerging technology in wireless technology that uses software-defined radio to aim to the efficient use of the spectrum by exploiting the unused frequency bands at the time and space (J. Mitola, 1999). A look on the state of the art shows that CR research area is very open. A particular problem in the context of CR, when we seek to optimize the secondary system capaci...

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">Berbeda dengan saham lain yang turun cukup tajam saat dimulainya pandemi Covid-19, pergerakan harga farmasi justru mengalami peningkatan. Kenaikan sejalan ekspektasi investor terhadap peningkatan permintaan obat dan suplemen kesehatan berdampak pada kenaikan di pasar. Penelitian ini secara empiris bertujuan untuk menguji perilaku rantai jual beli Burs...

Although unlicensed spectrum has tremendous advantages, it is always possible that an unlicensed wireless system will experience intolerable levels of interference from its neighbors. Before developing products and services for which interference is problematic, strategies must be adopted to minimize this effect. One strategy is to keep utilization low, possibly by allocating excess spectrum, o...

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Early termination (or cancellation) in construction is generally regarded as an unpleasant and costly last-resort control technique in the contractual relationship between the owner and the contractor, when their differences cannot be reconciled otherwise. Normally, construction contracts contain clauses that empower the owner to terminate if the contractor materially breaches the contract (i.e...