BACKGROUND The proximal ulnar artery has several branches, including perforators that are directly derived from the ulnar artery and anterior/posterior recurrent arteries. There are only a few reports of flaps that use the anterior/posterior recurrent arteries, and flaps employing their perforators as a main pedicle are yet to be reported. In this study, posterior ulnar recurrent artery perfora...

Composite defects of oral cavity are a reconstructive challenge. Anterolateral thigh flap provides large and pliable tissue for reconstruction of these defects. However, wide variations in the vascular anatomy, variable perforator number and location are reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of single perforator based large anterolateral thigh for reconstruction of com...

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap is an option for women desiring autologous tissue breast reconstruction. If this reconstruction fails, other autologous tissue flaps, including the gluteal artery perforator and latissimus dorsi flaps, may be used for salvage. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap offers adequate tissue volume for breast reconstruction, acceptable fat quality and...

Trauma, oncological resections and pressure sores can cause major soft tissue defects. The evolution of cutaneous, myocutaneous, and fasciocutaneous flaps currently makes possible the restoration of contour and, in many cases, function. This evolution was closely related to the increased understanding of the vascular anatomy of the skin and subcutis and has led to the development of perforator ...

BACKGROUND The keystone design perforator island flap is useful for the reconstruction of lower extremity defects. We performed a systematic review with the objective of identifying complication rates associated with using the keystone design perforator island flap to treat such defects. METHODS The MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2003 to Aug...

Perforator flaps represent the latest in the evolution of soft tissue flaps. They allow the transfer of the patient’s own skin and fat in a reliable manner with minimal donor-site morbidity. The powerful perforator flap concept allows transfer of tissue from numerous, well-described donor sites to almost any distant site with suitable recipient vessels. The inferior gluteal artery perforator (I...

In the 1990s, skin island flaps supplied by the vascular axis of sensitive superficial nerves, like the sural and saphenous nerves, were introduced. Flaps supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve accessory artery (SPNAA), however, are still not commonly used. The aim of this study is to understand the anatomical structure of the SPNAA and its perforators in the anterior intermuscular septum, ...

Background: Reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand possesses a challenge to the plastic and reconstructive surgeons. In recent years, the radial forearm fasciocutaneous flap has been used extensively to cover hand soft tissue defects. With the routine use of this flap some drawbacks have become apparent. The need to sacrifice the radial artery during the harvest of the flap and the d...

BACKGROUND A thin perforator flap is one of the best methods for covering defects. This study aimed to revisit and further test the rapidly advancing field of flap thinning techniques. METHODS We performed two cadaveric studies to test the known flap thinning methods, and then applied these methods to a clinical series. In the first study, five cadavers were used to observe the anatomical rel...

Background: Lumbar skin flaps based on cutaneous perforators arising from the lumbar artery have been described for coverage of lumbosacral defects and as free flaps for autologous breast reconstruction. Thus, the purpose of this study is to clarify anatomical aspects of the lumbar artery perforator flaps pertaining improvement in utility and design of this flap. Methods: Five fresh human bodie...