BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, clear dispersions of water, oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. This study was aimed to develop flurbiprofen microemulsion for enhanced transdermal delivery and investigate the effects of different surfactants and cosurfactants on its delivery and phase behavior. METHOD Various surfactant-cosurfactant mixtures...

INTRODUCTION This article presents the development and evaluation of a new topical formulation of diclofenac diethylamine (DDA) as a locally applied analgesic lotion. METHODS To this end, the lotion formulations were formulated with equal volume of varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%; v/v) of permeation enhancers, namely propylene glycol (PG) and turpentine oil (TO). These lotions were sub...

As a member of the ubiquitous ammonium transporter/methylamine permease/Rhesus (Amt/MEP/Rh) family of membrane protein channels, the 50 kDa Rhesus channel (Rh50) has been implicated in ammonia (NH(3)) and, more recently, also in carbon dioxide (CO(2)) transport. Here we present molecular dynamics simulations of spontaneous full permeation events of ammonia and carbon dioxide across Rh50 from Ni...

Acetic acid was separated from a dilute mixture using a commercial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane.  Intrinsic separation characteristics of the membrane were studied as a function of temperature.  The degree of membrane swelling decreased marginally with increase in feed temperature. At 25oC the maximum degree of swelling was found out to be 46.3%, which reduced to 39.5%...

some formulations of drug in adhesive transdermal drug delivery systems ()tddss)( with different functional and non-functional acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives psas)( were prepared. for this purpose fentanyl was used as a drug component. the effects of psas type on skin permeation and in vitro drug release from devices were evaluated using hydrodynamically well-characterized chien permeatio...

nicotine transdermal systems are being used as an aid to smoking cessation programs. as the kinetics of nicotine delivery is important in success of a smoking cessation program, rapid and high input of nicotine is required, which is not possible by passive methods and requires enhancement strategies such as iontophoresis. iontophoretic permeation, of nicotine looks promising, based on published...

many properties of chemicals depend on their streochemistry. among these, the effects of streoisomerism on percutaneous absorption of drugs, which is subject of the present investigation, is not well studied yet. in this study, tretinoin (tt) and isotretinoin (itt) (geometric isomers) were chosen and their permeations (alone or in the presence of each other) through enhancer-treated excised rat...

Nicotine transdermal systems are being used as an aid to smoking cessation programs. As the kinetics of nicotine delivery is important in success of a smoking cessation program, rapid and high input of nicotine is required, which is not possible by passive methods and requires enhancement strategies such as iontophoresis. Iontophoretic permeation, of nicotine looks promising, based on published...

Integrally skinned asymmetric membranes based on nanocompositepolyethersulfone were prepared by the phase separation process using the supercritical CO2 as a nonsolvent for the polymer solution. In present study, the effects of temperature and nanoparticle on selectivity performance and permeability of gases has beeninvestigated. It is shown that the presence of silica nanoparticles not only di...

A multilayer composite ceramic membrane was prepared by depositing a nano-scale layer of SiO2 on top of a modified porous alumina support by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The modification of the support was carried out by adding a graded layer of Al2O3 (γ-alumina phase), using sol-gel method. An optimized temperature of 700 K for intermediate layer calcination was gained by XRD analys...