In this paper, two kinds of fuzzy approaches are proposed for not only multiobjective stochastic linear programming problems, but also multiobjective fuzzy random linear programming problems through a probability maximization model. In a probability maximization model, it is necessary for the decision maker to specify permissible values of objective functions in advance, which have a great infl...

Several authors have speculated that (1) the pharmaceutical, genetic or other technological enhancement of human mental capacities could result in the creation of beings with greater moral status than persons, and (2) the creation of such beings would harm ordinary, unenhanced humans, perhaps by reducing their immunity to permissible harm. These claims have been taken to ground moral objections...

We argue that the current ethical and regulatory framework for permissible risk levels in pediatric research can be helpfully understood in terms of children's moral right to adequate protection from harm. Our analysis provides a rationale for what we propose as the highest level of permissible risk in pediatric research without the prospect of direct benefit: what we call "relatively minor" ri...

this study has been carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals (arsenic, copper, lead, tin and zinc) in fish samples collected from former tin mining catchment. total eight types of fish family having fifteen different species are identified. cyperinidae is the most abundant family with eight different species found in the catchment. fish samples were analysed by using inductivel...