The parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) uses two major modiications compared to the genetic algorithm. Firstly, selection for mating is distributed. Individuals live i n a 2-D w orld. Selection of a mate is done by each i n d i-vidual independently in its neighborhood. Secondly, e a c h individual may improve its tness during its lifetime by e.g. local hill-climbing. The PGA is totally asynchronou...

BACKGROUND Fermented soybeans (natto) have been reported to induce IgE-mediated, late-onset anaphylaxis without early-phase responses. However, the relevant allergens of natto allergy have never been identified. CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old man developed an anaphylactic reaction accompanied by flashing, generalized urticaria, conjunctival redness, and dyspnea 3 hours after ingestion of commerci...

This study collects recorded ground motions from the near-source region of large earthquakes and considers to what extent this historic record can inform expectations of future ground motions at similar sites. The distribution of observed peak ground acceleration (PGA) is well approximated by the lognormal distribution, and we expect the observed distribution to remain unchanged with the additi...

Alginate (Alg) is a renewable polymer with excellent hemostatic properties and biocapability and is widely used for hemostatic wound dressing. However, the swelling properties of alginate-based wound dressings need to be promoted to meet the requirements of wider application. Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a natural polymer with high hydrophility. In the current study, novel Alg/PGA composite m...

L-Pyroglutamate (PGA) is naturally occurring from L-glutamate solution with accelerated formation rate under high temperature and low pH. Even though PGA has been identified as a neurotoxic agent on brain cells, the effect of PGA on the growth of microorganisms is rarely known. Here various kinds of microorganisms differing in their optimal growth temperature, pH, phylogeny, and isolated biotop...

In the setting of program algebra (PGA), a projection from PGAu, i.e., PGA extended with a unit instruction operator, into PGA is defined. This is done via a composition that employs backward jumps and (labeled) goto’s. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a naturally occurring polymer, which due to its biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic properties has been used successfully in the food, medical and wastewater industries. A major hurdle in bacteriophage application is the inability of phage to persist for extended periods in the environment due to their susceptibility to environmental factors such as temp...

Folic acid activity, as determined by conventional bacteriological assay procedures, reflects the presence of a number of compounds other than pteroylglutamic acid (PGA). For example, one popular test organism, Streptococcus fecalis, will show a growth response in folic acid free medium to at least ten derivatives of PGA in addition to thymine, hypoxanthine, theobromine, guanidine, uric acid, a...

In the present study, we developed a self-assembled biodegradable polyglutamic acid (PGA)-based formulation of amphotericin B (AmB) and evaluated its in vitro antifungal potential against Candida albicans. The AmB-loaded PGA nanoparticles were prepared in-house and had a mean size dimension of around 98±2 nm with a zeta potential of -35.2±7.3 mV. Spectroscopic studies revealed that the drug pre...

This study investigates the adhesion capacity of a polyglycolic acid- (PGA-) hyaluronan scaffold with a structural modification based on a planar polymer (PM) surface in a cadaver cartilage defect model. Two cadaver specimens were used to serially test multiple chondral matrices. In a cadaver hip model, cell free polymer-based cartilage implants with a planar bioinspired PM surface (PGA-PM-scaf...