The forces between a silica probe and an n-type TiO2 single-crystal electrode were measured using an atomic force microscope in an aqueous electrolyte solution. These interactions were a strong function of the solution pH, the presence of specifically adsorbed anions, and the TiO2 electrode potential. For a series of pH values, a strong electrostatic repulsion was seen at high pH and decreased ...

The hard clam (meretrix lusoria) cultivated industry has been developed vigorously for recent years in Taiwan, and seawater quality determines the cultivated environment. The pH concentration variation affects survival rate of meretrix lusoria immediately. In order to monitor seawater quality, solid-state sensing electrode of ruthenium-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:Ru) is developed to measure hy...

We fabricated a thermostable quinoprotein aldose sugar dehydrogenase (tPQQ-ASD derived from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum) immobilized electrode. The electrode was prepared by immobilizing agarose gel mixed with the enzyme and carbon nanofiber (CNF) on a carbon paste (CP) electrode containing p-benzoquinone (BQ) as an electron mediator. The electrocatalytic response was ...

A method has been developed for determination of sodium concentration (activity) in urine using a glass electrode designed to be especially sensitive to sodium ion activity. The urine is diluted 2:20 with Tris buffer (pH 8.0) and sodium activity measured by dipping a sodium electrode and calomel reference electrode in the diluted specimen and obtaining a millivolt reading with a sensitive pH me...

This work examines the use of purified meta-cresol purple (mCP) for direct spectrophotometric calibration of glass pH electrodes in seawater. The procedures used in this investigation allow for simple, inexpensive electrode calibrations over salinities of 20-40 and temperatures of 278.15-308.15 K without preparation of synthetic Tris seawater buffers. The optimal pH range is ∼7.0-8.1. Spectroph...

It is shown that the glass electrode may be used without appreciable error to measure pH of ammonia or ammonium chloride buffers, but that corrections must be applied above pH 8.6 if sodium ions are present in the unknown solution. Corrections are given for values from pH 8.6 to 9.4. A slight further modification of form of glass electrode used by previous workers is described.

a thin film of epinephrine (ep) was electrochemically deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode previously activated in nahco3 solution. the cyclic voltammograms of the modified electrode indicate that the surface confined ep are strongly dependent on the solution ph, as expected for quinone/hydroquinone functionalities. the ep-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited catalytic acti...

we used an effective electrochemical sensor for the determination of imipramine at ph 7.2 using a carbon nanocomposite electrode. the electrode has been designed by incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay into the carbon ionic liquid electrode. the high sensitivity of 1.714 μa (μm)-1, two linear calibration ranges of 0.1–2 μm and 2-40 μm, and detection limit of 19 nm were achieved. the relati...