Background: During the last decade, pharmaceutical spending for patients with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been escalating internationally. Objectives: First, to estimate future trends of ADHD-related drug expenditures from the perspectives of the statutory health insurance (SHI; Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung, GKV) in Germany and the National Health Service (NHS) in Eng...

During the past 20 years, the world pharmaceutical industry has experienced a dramatic increase in R&D intensity. We apply and extend a model developed by Grabowski and Vernon (2000) with a pooled data sample of the 15 publicly listed Japanese drug firms for the period 1987 to 1998. As in the reference paper, we find expected returns to be an important determinant of R&D spending in the Japanes...

BACKGROUND During the last decade, pharmaceutical spending for patients with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been escalating internationally. OBJECTIVES First, to estimate future trends of ADHD-related drug expenditures from the perspectives of the statutory health insurance (SHI; Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung, GKV) in Germany and the National Health Service (NHS) in Eng...

BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical marketing is undergoing a major shift in the United States, in part due to new transparency regulations under the healthcare reform act. Changes in pharmaceutical marketing practices include a possible shift from more traditional forms of direct-to-consumer advertising towards emerging use of Internet-based DTCA ("eDTCA") given the growing importance of digital health ...

Prescription decision making is a complicated phenomenon influenced by many factors including drug strength, the patient’s context, prescriber characteristics, health facilities, payment type and pharmaceutical marketing. To evaluate the associations between each influenced factor and drug prescription method of Iranian physicians, we conducted an exploratory research, utilizing a questionnaire...

Prescription decision making is a complicated phenomenon influenced by many factors including drug strength, the patient’s context, prescriber characteristics, health facilities, payment type and pharmaceutical marketing. To evaluate the associations between each influenced factor and drug prescription method of Iranian physicians, we conducted an exploratory research, utilizing a questionnaire...

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to examine the impact of socioeconomic, demographic, and health status-related factors on out-of-pocket expenditure on health care for children. METHODS Data were obtained from a birth cohort study conducted in the city of Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, in 2004. The final sample is a result of adjusts made in order to keep in the ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of Part D on 65-78-year-old noninstitutionalized dual eligibles' prescription utilization and expenditures. DATA SOURCE Random sample of unique pharmacy customers of a national retail pharmacy chain who filled at least one prescription during both 2005 and 2006. For each subject, we obtained claims data for every prescription filled between January 1, 2005, and...

Due to high-priced specialty drugs, pharmaceutical expenditures in the Austrian outpatient sector have recently increased considerably. This also contributed to the fact that a mere 0.4% of prescriptions in 2014 were responsible for almost 26% of the total costs. While outpatient drug expenditures increased significantly from 2006 to 2008, only a moderate rise occurred from 2009 to 2013. Howeve...