Bicarbonate enhances the transformation of phenol upon irradiation of hematite, and phenol nitration upon irradiation of both nitrate and nitrite. Hematite under irradiation is able to oxidise the carbonate ion to the CO3-. radical, which in turn oxidises phenol to the phenoxyl radical faster compared to the direct photo-oxidation of phenol by hematite. The formation of CO3-. from hematite and ...

Phenol was extracted from sebacic acid wastewater (SAWW) using liquid-liquid extraction in batch as well as serial modes by applying different solvent: SAWW (1:250 5:250, v/v). Alcohols (1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, and 1-octanol), castor oil and Aliquat-336® were used for phenol extraction. In a typical extraction experiment involving shaking and allowing for phase separation, phenol (75-96%) can be...

(d) Abstract Interactions between phenol and cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles have been investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The combined use of 1 H and NOESY techniques revealed that phenol has different preferred locations of interaction depending on the pH. At neutral pH (6.70) conditions, phenol molecules are preferentially located in the ...

The presentation of two phenols on a xanthene backbone is akin to the tyrosine dyad (Y730 and Y731) of ribonucleotide reductase. X-ray crystallography reveals that the two phenol moieties are cofacially disposed at 4.35 Å. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that phenol oxidation is modulated within the dyad, which exhibits a splitting of one-electron waves with the second oxidation of the phenol dyad o...

The objective of this research was to study phenol degradation in anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR) packed with polymeric particulate supports (polystyrene PS, polyethylene terephthalate – PET, and polyvinyl chloride PVC). The reactors were operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h. The influent phenol concentration in the AFBR varied from 100 to 400 mg L, resulting in phenol...

in the present study, different activated carbons were prepared from carbonized african beech wood sawdust by potassium hydroxide activation. the activated carbons were characterized by brunauer–emmett–teller, scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer. the phenol adsorption capacity of the prepared carbons was evaluated. the different ...

Lignin modified phenol formaldehyde wood adhesives have been prepared by replacing phenol with the groundnut shell lignin (GNSL) at varying weight percentages. The optimization of weight percent incorporation of GNSL was carried out in respect to mechanical properties. It was found that a maximum of up to 50 wt.% of phenol in the phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive can be substituted by GNSL to o...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the biodegradation performance of phenol in a fixed biofilm developed in sand soil media. The parameters which had been studied and may influence the biodegradation were: a) the grain size of sand, b) the rate of flow, and c) the initial phenol loading. Laboratory scale of two columns with inner diameter of 5 cm was used. The first column was packed with fin...

In this article, the effect of direct current electric field on the phenol biodegradation by laccase was studied. The results showed that the DC electric field could enhance the biodegradation activity of laccase. Specifically, the rate of phenol biodegradation when catalyzed by laccase was significantly higher in the presence of the DC electric field than in its absence. In the presence of the...

The photocatalytic degradation of phenol in a static-batch photoreactor, using a UV lamp as a light source and TiO 2 as a photocatalyst, was investigated. The effects of various parameters, such as photocatalyst dosage, initial substrate concentration, reaction pH and addition of oxidants, on the phenol degradation rate of TiO 2 photocatalysis were examined. The degradation rates proved to be s...