Honeybees defend their colonies aggressively against intruders and release a potent alarm pheromone to recruit nestmates into defensive tasks. The effect of floral odours on this behaviour has never been studied, despite the relevance of these olfactory cues for the biology of bees. Here we use a novel assay to investigate social and olfactory cues that drive defensive behaviour in bees. We sho...

Gustatory pheromones play an essential role in shaping the behavior of many organisms. However, little is known about the processing of taste pheromones in higher order brain centers. Here, we describe a male-specific gustatory circuit in Drosophila that underlies the detection of the anti-aphrodisiac pheromone (3R,11Z,19Z)-3-acetoxy-11,19-octacosadien-1-ol (CH503). Using behavioral analysis, g...

Ant miner algorithm is used to find the classification rule which helps to do classification of the data. Ant miner uses the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) which deals with artificial systems that is inspired from the foraging behavior of real ants. Here the task is to improve the pheromone update method in the current system. Pheromone updating is dependent mainly on the initial pheromone of th...

This document describes a human health risk assessment on the use of Isomate ® ­ EGVM conducted by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency. The Isomate ®-EGVM device, also known as a " twist tie, " is a pheromone dispenser. It consists of an aluminum wire and a hollow plastic tube sealed at both ends that contains a moth pheromone...

We collected and quantified both syntheticand natural Oriental fruit moth [Grapholitha molesia (Busck)] sex pheromone components in 250-1111 round-bottom flasks bv hexane rinsing of compounds adsorbed on the glass walls This simple procedure collected 100% of the pheromone evaporated inside the flask and was useful for quantifying both nanogram and microgram amounts of emitted pheromone Emissio...

A tractor-mounted mechanized applicator was developed for large-scale deployment of paraffin-wax dispensers of pheromone for mating disruption of oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck). The wax formulation was mostly water and emulsified paraffin wax containing 5% (by weight) pheromone [93:6:1 blend of (Z)-8-dodecen-1-yl-acetate:(E)-8-dodecen-1-yl-acetate: (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol]. Ten mill...

Several factors affecting pheromone production by male pepper weevils, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as well as collection efficiency were investigated. Factors studied included: porous polymer adsorbents (Tenax versus Super Q), male age, time of day, male density, and male diet. Super Q was found to be a superior adsorbent for the male-produced alcohols and geranic acid a...

The Southeastern Boll Weevil Eradication Program has proposed reducing maintenance program costs in eradicated zones by using an extended-life "superlure" in traps to detect populations of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. However, superlure effectiveness has not been extensively evaluated. We compared the superlure (30 mg of eugenol plus 25 mg of grandlure) to a standard lur...

In 2004 field experiments, we compared the effectiveness of various deployment densities of 0.1-ml paraffin wax drops containing 5% pheromone versus Isomate M-Rosso "rope" dispensers for disruption of Grapholita molesta (Busck). Treatments were evaluated in 0.05-ha (12-tree) plots of 'Delicious' apples receiving regular maintenance according to growers' standards, but not sprayed with insectici...