Physical A* (PHA*) and its multi-agent version MAPHA* [2, 3] are algorithm that find the shortest path between two points in an unknown real physical environment with one or many mobile agents. Previous work assumed a complete sharing of knowledge between agents. Here we apply this algorithm to a more restricted model of communication which we call large pheromones, where agents communicate by ...

This article comprehensively reviews the syntheses of all known sex pheromones of scales and mealybugs, describes how they were identified, and how the synthetic pheromones are used in insect management.

Plethodontid salamanders display intricate courtship behaviors. Proteinaceous courtship pheromones were recently discovered in the submandibular (mental) gland of the male Plethodon shermani, the red-legged salamander. Behavioral studies showed that these male pheromones are delivered by direct contact to the female snout and modulate her receptivity during courtship. Previous reports demonstra...

Traditionally, the olfactory epithelium is considered to recognize conventional odors, while the vomeronasal organ detects pheromones. However, recent advances suggest that vertebrate pheromones can also be detected by the olfactory epithelium. In the vomeronasal organ and the olfactory epithelium, structurally distinct multiple receptor families are expressed. In rodents, two of these receptor...

Executive Summary This document describes a human health risk assessment on the use of Isomate LBAM Plus conducted by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency. The Isomate LBAM Plus device, also known as a " twist tie, " is a pheromone dispenser. It consists of an aluminum wire and a hollow plastic tube that contains moth pheromone...

Environ Entomol 23(6): 1534-1543 (1994) ABSTRACT The nitidulid species, Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson, C hemipterus (L ), C freemani Dobsan, and C obsoletus Erichson, responded to their aggregation pheromones during a 17-mo study in a California date garden The pheromones were dramatically synergized by volatiles from fermenting whole-wheat bread dough; pheromones alone attracted only 1 0-29% ...

pheromones in many vertebrates. Pheromones have been found in saliva, skin gland secretions, and urine. For example, pheromones in the urine excreted from male and female rats induce various changes in gonadal function and endocrine state, including reflex ovulation in the absence of coitus and mounting, and a reduction in the oestrous cycle of female rats from 5 to 4 d, and oestrous synchrony ...