A main goal of Formal Concept Analysis from its very beginning has been the support of rational communication. The source of this goal lies in our understanding of mathematics as a science which should encompass both its philosophical basis and its social consequences. This can be achieved by a process named ’restructuring’. This approach shall be extended to logic, which is based on the doctri...

The argument that acceptance of assisted suicide is an outgrowth of respect for personal autonomy departs from the traditional American value that holds life more basic than freedom and serves freedom by discouraging rather than assisting self-destruction. The sociological argument that removal of the taboo against assisted suicide will lead to the destructive expansion of the right to kill th...

Philosophers use the phrase "moral intuition" to describe the appearance in consciousness of moral judgments or assessments without any awareness of having gone through a conscious reasoning process that produces this assessment. This paper investigates the neural substrates of moral intuition. We propose that moral intuitions are part of a larger set of social intuitions that guide us through ...

Jayantabhaṭṭa’s magnum opus Nyāyamañjarī is considered as an independent text on Nyāya-darśana. The importance of lies in its refutation the other philosophical doctrines. Jayantabhaṭṭa, ardent advocate Prācīna-Nyāya tries to defend philosophy Gautama and Vātsyāyaṇa. In Nyāyamañjarī, while discussing general definition pramāṇa, he incorporates various parallel contextual discussions it. this pr...

This article will present what we know of the life and times of an important alchemist, Ibn Umayl. It is entitled ‘Towards a Context’ because I have not yet consulted a number of his treatises, which are mostly only available as manuscripts. Ibn Umayl’s position in alchemy accords with Hermetic doctrines, and may have developed as a traditionalist reaction to developments in alchemy around the ...

minoo ’s ahriman is a term for discovering ahriman in the world of minoo: a world where it’s creatures are invisible, undesirable, and without a body . in this article, minoo’s ahriman in the avesta and the pahlavi texts are surveyed. in gahan, ahriman exists as the evil nature as opposed to the good nature that leads to his creation in the haftha. in new avesta the minavi existence continues w...