background: sand fly saliva helps parasite establishment and induce immune responses in vertebrate hosts. in the current study, we investigated the modulation of phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigen expression by sea­sonal and biological factors. methods: sand flies were grouped according to physiological stages such as unfed, fed, semi-gravid, gravid, parous, nulliparous, infected or no...

INTRODUCTION Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) is a new vector control method that meets Integrated Vector Management (IVM) goals. In an experimental design, this study aimed to determine effects of ATSB on control of Phlebotomus papatasi, as a main vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL), in Qom Province, center of Iran. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, boric acid was mixed wi...

a disease of the dry desert area where phlebotomus papatasii p. sergenti are prevalent. In India cases of oriental sore are prevalent in the dry western zone (western part, 79? east of Greenwitch) where the insect vector is phlebotomies papatasii; on the other hand cases of kala-azar are seen in the eastern humid zone where p. argentipes is the insect vector responsible for the spread of the di...

background: geographical distribution of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) has continuously been extended in recent years in iran. the beiza district is one of the newly-emerged endemic foci of zcl in southern iran. the main aim of the present study was to detect the vector(s) of zcl in this area. methods: to detect the fauna and vectors of zcl in this district, sand flies were caught usin...

BACKGROUND Leishmania major is an Old World species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis and is transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus duboscqi. In Brazil, two isolates from patients who never left the country were characterised as L. major-like (BH49 and BH121). Using molecular techniques, these isolates were indistinguishable from the L. major reference strain (FV1). OBJECTIVES We eva...

Phlebotomine vectors can in some instances transmit only certain species of Leishmania. Comparison of a large number of vector/parasite pairs revealed that species-specific differences in vectorial competence were in every case directly correlated with the ability of promastigotes to attach to the sand-fly midgut, the variable outcomes of which were controlled by structural polymorphisms in the...

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important health problems in many areas of Iran. There are two forms of the disease in Iran, anthroponotic and zoonotic CL. This study conducted to assess the epidemiological situation of CL in an endemic area of Qom Province, central Iran from Apr to Nov 2015. Methods The sticky paper traps and aspirating tubes were used for collecti...

Leishmania parasites, transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, are obligate intracellular parasites of macrophages. The sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi is the vector of Leishmania major, a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World, and its saliva exacerbates parasite proliferation and lesion growth in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here we show that P. papatasi saliva cont...