We report experimentally observed higher order moments of the photoelectron counts in a photomultiplier illuminated by a maser operating below but near threshold. The results are compared with theory. The photoelectron counts occurring in a set of predetermined intervals of length T were recorded on tape and then fed to a computer. The second, third, and fourth order moments of the photoelectro...

The results of tests of more than 2200 ETL9351 type PMTs for the Borexino detector with the PMT test facility are presented. The PMTs characteristics relevant for the proper detector operation and modeling are discussed in detail. r 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

A silicon photomultiplier (SiPM fabricated and characterized. The SiPM was (Separation of Absorption, Charge and Multipl which was optimized for blue light detection positron emission tomography (PET). The achieved high geometric fill factor of 64% and a low brea about 22V, while the temperature dependence of b is only 17mV/°C. The gain and photon detection device achieved were also measured un...

We demonstrate a compact system, incorporating a 32-element linear array of ultraviolet (290 nm and 340 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a multi-anode photomultiplier tube, to the in-flight fluorescence detection of aerosolized particles, here containing the biological molecules tryptophan and NADH. This system illustrates substantial advances in the growth and fabrication of new semiconduc...

H.E.S.S. – the High Energy Stereoscopic System– is a new system of large atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes for GeV/TeV astronomy. Each of the four telescopes of 107 m mirror area is equipped with a 960-pixel photomulitiplier-tube camera. This paper describes the methods used to convert the photomultiplier signals into the quantities needed for Cherenkov image analysis. Two independent calibratio...

In a commercial microfluidic chip (LioniX BV), a plug of DNA molecules with a volume of ~605 pl was injected and the DNA molecules were CE-separated with a high relative sizing accuracy of > 99% [1]. Through an optical waveguide inscribed by femtosecond-laser writing [2] a laser was launched perpendicularly into the microfluidic channel. A photomultiplier collected the fluorescence signals from...

In order to study photomultiplier’s short-term gain stability at high counting rate, we constructed an LED pulsed light source and its output monitor system. For the monitor system, we employed a photon counting method using a photomultiplier as a monitor photon detector. It is found that the method offers a simple way to monitor outputs from a pulsed light source and that, together with an LED...

A characterisation of recently developed SiPM was performed in view of their possible application with scintillating fibres. The use of SiPM as part of the fibre tracking detector system of the Kaos spectrometer at MAMI was studied. A concept of similar SiPM/fibre assemblies is being considered for the time-of-flight start detector in the PANDA experiment for the FAIR project. In summary, the d...

Flexible and programmable components have been playing a key role in many electronic systems. Lidar systems can be improved by means of component and electronic progress, especially in data collection, acquisition and processing. The objective of present paper is to show the design of an electronic unit capable of substituting Raman lidar based discriminator and multichannel scaler. For this ex...