A central issue in our understanding of the evolution of the diversity of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) is whether or not compounds are functional, conferring an advantage to the plant, or non-functional. We examine the hypothesis that the diversity of monoterpene PSMs within a plant species (Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) may be explained by different compounds acting as defences against hi...

objectives this study was designed to determine the chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, and total phenol content of various extracts of s. chloroleuca. materials and methods dried aerial parts of the plant were crushed, then sequentially extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. the fractions of s. chloroleuca were subjected to silica gel column chromatography and s...

The pomegranate fruit is one of the most important horticultural products due to the presence of polyphenolic, antioxidant and anti-fungal compounds. In the present study, morphological and phytochemical compounds diversity was investigated in eight Iranian commercial pomegranate cultivars. Fourteen morphological characters and 10 chemical compounds were measured. Based on PCA analysis the most...

Abstract The genus Ziziphus is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal purposes aside from edible fruits due to diverse phytochemicals. grown in several world locations encompass mainly Z. jujuba, xylopyrus , spina-christi lotus mauritiana celata, etc. Folk uses reported include treating headaches, obesity, common colds, diabetes, hypertension, and infections. Scientific reports published...

Floral landscapes comprise diverse phytochemical combinations. Individual phytochemicals in floral nectar and pollen can reduce infection in bees and directly inhibit trypanosome parasites. However, gut parasites of generalist pollinators, which consume nectar and pollen from many plant species, are exposed to phytochemical combinations. Interactions between phytochemicals could augment or decr...

The aim of the study was to investigate the Cassia auriculata and cardiospermum halicacabum leaf for Phytochemical compounds and GC-MS analysis. The presence of phytochemical compounds was screened by qualitative method. The results showed the presence of Phytochemical compounds of carbohydrates, phenol, lipid, protein, saponin, flavonoids and tannin. GC-MS analysis 13,15 bioactive phytochemica...

Annona squamosa seed extracts were studied for their phytochemical constituents, total phenolics and flavonoid contents. For this purpose different tests of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Annona squamosa were extracted and concentrated. The preliminary phytochemical screenings of Annona squamosa for its phytochemical constituents were performed using general...

biodiversity/biological diversity Species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity in an area, sometimes including associated abiotic components such as landscape features, drainage systems, and climate. diversity indices Measures that describe the different components of biodiversity, such as species richness (alpha diversity), beta and gamma diversity, endemicity, and higher taxon richness. ecosyste...

Propolis is a complex resinous material with many pharmacological and biological properties attributed to the presence of many volatile and non-volatile phytochemical compounds which have not been analysed in details for Malaysian propolis. In this study, we determined and compared volatile phytochemical compounds in water and ethanol extracts of Malaysian propolis (Trigona itama) using gas chr...