West Nile Virus (WNV) is now endemic throughout North America, with annual recurrence dependent upon successful overwintering when cold temperatures drive mosquito vectors into inactivity and halt transmission. To investigate whether avian hosts may serve as an overwintering mechanism, groups of eight to ten House Sparrows were experimentally infected with a WN02 genotype of WNV and then held u...

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) causes an acute hepatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Six rabbits were inoculated experimentally with RHDV to investigate any potential relationship between infection and apoptosis in the liver. Two rabbits were killed at 12 h post-inoculation (PI) and two at 24 h PI. The remaining two rabbits died at 30 h and 31 h PI. Immunohistochemical...

Background. Standardised Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) guidelines for the assessment of prostate alterations were designed for the assessment of prostate pathology. Published by the ESUR in 2012, PI-RADS v1 was based on the total score of different MRI sequences with subsequent calculation. PI-RADS v2 was published by the American College of Radiology in 2015 and featured...

Hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) deficiency predisposes to pulmonary emphysema. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the limitations of some laboratory methods used in the study of the deficiency, and which may produce errors in interpretation and detection of uncommon alleles. Two clinical cases are described: the index patient, who had pulmonary emphysema with α1-AT levels less...

Introduction Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is one of the most common genetic disorders, with an estimated prevalence of 1:2000 to 1:5000 in Europe and Scandinavia, depending on the geographic location and type of epidemiologic study [9]. The alpha-1-antitrypsin gene, or SERPINA1 gene (serine proteinase inhibitor), is located on chromosome 14. Patients with the homozygous AAT deficiency ...

Hamster embryos cannot complete the second cleavage division in vitro in the presence of glucose and inorganic phosphate (Glu/Pi). Embryos can recover from an 8 h (12:30-20:30 h) exposure to Glu/Pi, although cleavage is retarded by 10 h and continued development to the blastocyst stage is rare (2%). The vulnerability of 2-cell embryos to Glu/Pi changes during the cell cycle, being greatest just...

BACKGROUND It is unknown whether HIV-positive patients experiencing virologic failure (VF) on boosted-PI (PI/r) regimens without drug resistant mutations (DRM) by standard genotyping harbor low-level PI resistant variants. CASTLE compared the efficacy of atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), each in combination with TVD in ARV-naïve subjects. OBJECTIVE To determine if...

The response of two soybean plant introductions, PI 96354 and PI 417444, highly resistant to Meloidogyne incognita, to increasing initial soil population densities (Pi) (0, 31, 125, and 500 eggs/100 cm(3) soil) of M. incognita was studied in field microplots for 2 years. The plant introductions were compared to the cultivars Forrest, moderately resistant, and Bossier, susceptible to M. incognit...

BACKGROUND Active engagement in 12-Step self-help groups (SHG) is associated with improvements in substance use outcomes during and after treatment, yet levels of participation in SHG meetings in the U.K. remain low. METHOD An RCT investigating the impact of active referral to SHG, delivered by doctors or 12-Step peers during inpatient treatment on both inpatient and post-treatment meeting at...