BACKGROUND Point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing increases patient accessibility to assessment of antiretroviral therapy eligibility. This review evaluates field performance in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) of currently available POC CD4 technologies. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched for field studies published between January 2005 and January 2015 of six POC CD4 platforms...

OBJECTIVE Dietary calcium intake, especially from dairy products, may have a protective effect against obesity. This study aimed to determine if calcium intake is associated with body weight and adiposity in Pima Indians, an obesity-prone population. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Subjects were 65 Pima Indian adults (35 men/30 women, age 33+/-8 years [mean+/-standard deviation]) participatin...

Hyperinsulinemia and increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity are thought to be pathophysiological links between obesity and hypertension. In the present study, we examined the relation among heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and percent body fat (hydrodensitometry or DEXA), fasting plasma insulin concentration, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) in ma...

The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) is a critical element in insulin-signaling pathways, and mutations in the IRS1 gene have been reported to have a role in determining susceptibility to traits related to type 2 diabetes. In gene expression studies of tissue biopsies from nondiabetic Pima Indians, IRS1 mRNA levels were reduced in adipocytes from obese subjects compared with lean subjects, a...

OBJECTIVE A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was recently completed in 1120 Pima Indians to identify loci that influence BMI. Among the top 100 signals were three variants that mapped within the lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (LPGAT1) gene. LPGAT1 belongs to a large family of acyltransferases, which are involved in a variety of biological processes including pathways that regula...

FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that has been shown to counteract obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and diet-induced insulin resistance in rodents. Therefore, FOXC2 was analyzed as a candidate gene for susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. Four variants were identified by sequencing the coding region, as well as 638 bp of the 5' region and 300 bp of the 3' region of the gene. Two single ...

objective: diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases. earlier diagnosis of diabetes and treatment of hyperglycemia and related metabolic abnormalities is of vital importance. diagnosis of diabetes via proper interpretation of the diabetes data is an important classification problem. classification systems help the clinicians to predict the risk factors that cause the diabetes or pre...

P hosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), a sig-naling molecule activated by insulin receptor sub-strate (IRS)-1, has a role in both insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and in basal glucose transporter recycling. PI 3-kinase is also responsible for phosphorylating phosphatidylinositol, PI-4-P, PI-4,5-P 2 , and PI-3,4,5-P 3 , w h i c h function as intracellular second messengers. The structure...