Frank lead poisoning was found in some inhabitants of houses in the Scottish Highlands, exposed to soft water and lead-lined drinking water tanks. Further investigations were carried out on the clinical and metabolic effects of lead acquired by drinking soft domestic water from lead plumbing systems in 23 Glasgow households. The lead content of water from cold taps was up to 18 times the upper ...

Both Mycobacterium spp. and Methylobacterium spp. are opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens that are found on pipe surfaces in households. However, examination of data published in prior microbiological surveys indicates that Methylobacterium spp. and Mycobacterium spp. tend not to coexist in the same household plumbing biofilms. That evidence led us to test the hypothesis that Methylobacter...

BACKGROUND Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) that persist and grow in household plumbing, habitats they share with humans. Infections caused by these OPPPs involve individuals with preexisting risk factors and frequently require hospitalization. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this report are to alert prof...

Four constructions of Seifert surfaces—Hopf and arborescent plumbing, basketry, and T-bandword handle decomposition—are described, and some interrelationships expounded, e.g.: arborescent Seifert surfaces are baskets; Hopf-plumbed baskets are precisely homogeneous T-bandword surfaces.

We describe the infrastructure that is necessary for hemodialysis in the home focusing on physical requirements, the organization of plumbing and water, and the key features that should guide the selection of machines that are suitable for home use.

There is a chance of leakage in the plumbing caused by water pressure pipes, improper installation pipe connections, or external influences, such as earthquakes. Plumbing that detected too late can cause damage to other systems. It necessary have detection system detect leak plumbing. Therefore, this research, designed with level detector (WLD) controlled programmable logic controller (PLC) typ...