A complex thermodynamic–microphysical package has been formulated that is able to deal with the microphysical processes of condensed water vapour in a volcanic plume. The microphysics follows a prognostic bulk approach for cloud water, cloud ice, rain and graupel and the interaction between them. In a standard experiment, this module, applied within a Ž . new nonhydrostatic volcano plume model,...

[1] Synoptic-scale pollution plumes in the free troposphere can preserve their identity as well-defined structures for a week or more while traveling around the globe. Eulerian chemical transport models (CTMs) have difficulty reproducing these layered structures due to numerical plume dissipation. We show that this dissipation is much faster than would be expected from the order of the advectio...

A simple one-dimensional theory is presented to assess the implantation of ions from the ion matrix sheath ~IMS! in an ablated plasma plume that is approaching a negatively biased substrate. Under the assumption that the plume geometry, the electron and ion density distributions, and the potential distribution are frozen during the IMS extraction, the implanted ion current is calculated as a fu...

Classical air quality models at regional scale, based on Eulerian gridded approaches, suffer from several limitations when applied to the dispersion of elevated point emissions (e.g. from power plant stacks). In particular, emissions from point sources are assumed to mix immediately within a grid cell, whereas a typical point-source plume does not expand to the size of the grid cell for a subst...

[1] Data collected from the near-field region (first several kilometers) of the Merrimack River plume are analyzed to provide estimates of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rates. Measurement techniques included a control volume method incorporating density and velocity survey data, and direct dissipation rate measurements by turbulence sensors mounted on an autonomous underwater vehic...

Arecibo radar images of a portion of the equatorial region of Venus provide the first high resolution (1.5to 2.0kin) synoptic coverage of Beta Regio. Within this area, tessera, complex deformed terrain, is identified as a major 40' geologic unit with the largest region corresponding to a plateau on the east flank of the highland. Three models are proposed to explain the origin and evolution of ...

Total and polarized radiances provided by the Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER) satellite sensor are used to retrieve the microphysical and optical properties of the volcanic plume observed during the Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption in 2010, over cloud-free and cloudy ocean scenes. We selected two plume conditions, fresh aerosols near the sources (three cases) and...

Introduction: The crustal dichotomy and the Tharsis volcanic province are dominant features at Martian surface. Both exogenic (giant impact) and endogenic (e.g., degree-1 convection) were proposed to explain the dichotomy. In a recent study Zhong [1] proposed a unified model for the Tharsis rise and the dichotomy. A lithospheric thickness variations of hemispherical pattern is assumed, consiste...

Smoke plume rise is critically dependent on plume updraft structure. Smoke plumes from landscape burns (forest and agricultural burns) are typically structured into “sub-plumes” or multiple-core updrafts with the number of updraft cores depending on characteristics of the landscape, fire, fuels, and weather. The number of updraft cores determines the efficiency of vertical transport of heat and...

[1] This is a study to examine the impact of modeling photochemistry from aircraft emissions in an expanding plume versus at the grid scale in an atmospheric model. Differences in model treatments for a single flight occurred at all altitudes during takeoff, cruise, and landing. After 10 h, the plume treatment decreased grid-scale ozone production by 33%, methane destruction by 30%, and carbon ...