Butyl rubber (polyisobutylene-co-isoprene (IIR)) is a very important commercial elastomer with many desirable physical properties, such as low air permeability and broad damping properties. The principal uses of this material are in the tire industry for the preparation of inner tubes and inner liners of passenger car tires. Despite these unique properties, there are some deficiencies associate...

R esum e: Nous d emontrons que, sous des circomstances g en erales, l'union disjoint des couvertes universales des etoiles d'un groupo de de Lie admet le structure d'un groupo de de Lie auquel que le projection a une propri et e de monodromie sur les extensions des morphismes emousse. Ca compl etes une conte d etailles des r esultats annonc es par J. Pradines. Introduction The notion of monodro...

We present a number of findings concerning groupoid dynamical systems and groupoid crossed products. The primary result is an identification of the spectrum of the groupoid crossed product when the groupoid has continuously varying abelian stabilizers and a well behaved orbit space. In this case, the spectrum of the crossed product is homeomorphic, via an induction map, to a quotient of the spe...

The notion of a fuzzy upper bound over a groupoid is introduced and some properties of it are investigated. We also define the notions of an either-or subset of a groupoid and a strong either-or subset of a groupoid and study some of their related properties. In particular, we consider fuzzy upper bounds in Bin(X), where Bin(X) is the collection of all groupoids. Finally, we define a fuzzy-d-su...

In this note a functorial approach to the integration problem of an LAgroupoid to a double Lie groupoid is discussed. To do that, we study the notions of fibered products in the categories of Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids, giving necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such. In particular, it turns out, that the fibered product of Lie algebroids along integrable morphisms is...

In this note a functorial approach to the integration problem of an LAgroupoid to a double Lie groupoid is discussed. To do that, we study the notions of fibred products in the categories of Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids, giving necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such. In particular, it turns out, that the fibred product of Lie algebroids along integrable morphisms is a...

The effects of superoxide dismutase modified with polyoxyethylene (SOD-POE) on impairment of myocardial segment shortening (SS) during coronary stenosis plus pacing-induced tachycardia (CSPT) and the recovery after reperfusion was examined in anesthetized dogs. SOD-POE or saline was administered i.v. 30 min before reperfusion. Changes in hemodynamic variables and SS by CSPT were similar in both...

We introduce and investigate the ribbon groupoid associated with a Garside group. Under a technical hypothesis, we prove that this category is a Garside groupoid. We decompose this groupoid into a semi-direct product of two of its parabolic subgroupoids and provide a groupoid presentation. In order to established the latter result, we describe quasi-centralizers in Garside groups. All results h...

The authors have used generalised Galois Theory to construct a homotopy double groupoid of a surjective fibration of Kan simplicial sets. Here we apply this to construct a new homotopy double groupoid of a map of spaces, which includes constructions by others of a 2-groupoid, cat-group or crossed module. An advantage of our construction is that the double groupoid can give an algebraic model of...

in this work we deal with actions of vector groupoid which is a new concept in the literature‎. ‎after we give the definition of the action of a vector groupoid on a vector space‎, ‎we obtain some results related to actions of vector groupoids‎. ‎we also apply some characterizations of the category and groupoid theory to vector groupoids‎. ‎as the second part of the work‎, ‎we define the notion...