university autonomy and accountability have been playing such a vital role in all aspects of university governance that their importance cannot be over emphasized. autonomy can be defined as “the right of a group of people to govern itself or to organize its own activities” and being autonomous means “being independent and having the power to make your own decisions”. on the other hand, account...

This study examines the level of acceptance of a robot within the elderly. ’Does more knowledge of a robot lead to a higher level of acceptance?’ Scenarios based on assistive technologies have been developed for this study. These scenarios provided knowledge to the two groups which were defined as Group A and Group B. The difference between the groups was the order in which the experiment was c...

The current study aimed at exploring the knowledge and beliefs of men aged forty years and over towards prostate cancer screening and early detection in three Arab countries. The field work was conducted in three countries; Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan, during the period February through December 2011. Our target population were men aged 40 years and over. It was a population-based cross sect...

Context: Psychosocial exposures commonly show large variation over time and are usually assessed using multiitem Likert indices. A construct requiring a five-item Likert index could possibly be replaced by a single visual analogue scale (VAS). Objective: To: a) evaluate validity and relative reliability of a single VAS compared to previously validated Likert based items and indices measuring th...

Likert items and scales are often used in human subject studies to measure subjective responses of subjects to the treatment levels. In the field of human-robot interaction (HRI), with few widely accepted quantitative metrics, researchers often rely on Likert items and scales to evaluate their systems. However, there is a debate on what is the best statistical method to evaluate the differences...

To the Editor: I read with interest the recent article by Baker regarding the value of normalizing resident evaluation scores to eliminate individual faculty evaluator bias. Without unduly undermining the importance of this study, I have concern about the statistical handling of Likert scores. Likert scores were used to create individual faculty member mean scores, faculty score standard deviat...

Dipping my toe into the water of educational research, I have recently used Likert-type rating scales to measure student views on various educational interventions. Likert scales are commonly used to measure attitude, providing a range of responses to a given question or statement . Typically, there are 5 categories of response, from (for example) 1 1⁄4 strongly disagree to 5 1⁄4 strongly agree...

In this paper, we deal with the issue of variability in different measures of linguistic acceptability. It has been argued that acceptability, when measured with the magnitude estimation method (ME), reveals the underlying gradience of linguistic judgments, while other measures, like Likert-scale judgments (e.g. on a 7-point scale) do not provide the same amount of information about the gradien...

Methods The study design was a survey, utilizing a phone questionnaire. 70 consecutively presenting patients undergoing 15 day surgery procedures in an Irish teaching hospital were invited to participate. Data collection was completed between June and July 2011. The survey evaluated 57 aspects of the DS process. Patients were asked to rate their level of satisfaction using a 5-point LIKERT scal...