Dual-polarization radars typically transmit horizontally and vertically polarized waves and receive polarized backscattered signals. Because illuminated hydrometeors are not spherical, their radar backscatter cross sections are not the same for the two polarizations. Hydrometeor size, shape, orientation, and thermodynamic phase can be inferred from returned signals. Polarimetric hail algorithms...

One of the major impacts of the Earth’s ionosphere on spaceborne radar signals is the rotation of the polarization vector, also called the Faraday rotation (FR) effect. The FR effect increases with decreasing frequency. It is reported [1] that estimated maximum FR values under peak ionospheric total electron content (TEC) conditions range from 2.5 degrees (C-band) to more than 320 degrees (P-ba...

S ince the early 1970s, Doppler radar has been used as the primary tool in advancing our knowledge of the kinematics and dynamics of severe convective storms. In particular, a pair of fixed-site, S-band Doppler radars in central Oklahoma was used by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman for a number of years. Based on singleand dualDoppler data collected by the serendipitous ne...

Although much work has been done at S band to automatically identify hydrometeors by using polarimetric radar, several challenges are presented when adapting such algorithms to X band. At X band, attenuation and non-Rayleigh scattering can pose significant problems. This study seeks to develop a hydrometeor identification (HID) algorithm for X band based on theoretical simulations using the T-m...

There is currently widespread interest in the development of radar sensors for the detection of surface and buried targets and the remote sensing of land, sea and ice surfaces. An important feature of electromagnetic radiation is its state of polarisation and a wide range of classification algorithms and inversion techniques have recently been developed based on the transformation of polarisati...

A data-driven approach to the classification of hydrometeors from measurements collected with polarimetric weather radars is proposed. In a first step, the optimal number of hydrometeor classes (nopt) that can be reliably identified from a large set of polarimetric data is determined. This is done by means of an unsupervised clustering technique guided by criteria related both to data similarit...

Abstract. This study presents the first-ever complete characterization of random errors in dual-polarimetric spectral observations meteorological targets by cloud radars. The is given means mathematical equations for joint probability density functions (PDFs) and error covariance matrices. derived are checked consistency using real radar measurements. One main conclusions that convenient repres...

Data from the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) Integrated Project I (IP1) network of polarimetric X-band radars are used to observe a convective storm. A fuzzy logic hydrometeor identification algorithm is employed to study microphysical processes. Dual-Doppler techniques are used to analyze the 3D wind field. The scanning strategy, sensitivity, and low-level scanning foc...

The use of X-band radars for weather surveillance and research, either as standalone or in collaborative and adaptive networks, has advanced significantly during the past years. With advantages that include lower cost, smaller infrastructure and easier deployment, and the capability to provide the required resolution and coverage when sampling the atmosphere at the mid to long range low altitud...