Anecdotes have emerged in the media about why state attorneys general run for higher office, but there have been no empirical examinations of why some attorney generals (AGs) run for higher office and others do not. I seek to answer two questions: first, what shapes political ambition among state AGs? Second, how do styles of policy making affect the likelihood of AGs running for higher office?...

This paper contributes to the recent debates and emerging concepts in the international business literature by applying a social-institutionalist perspective that focuses on the processes of institution building in ventures between Western multinational corporations and post-socialist enterprises. It is argued that the knowledge and learning processes within these transnational sites are consti...

Section 7.3 of the code of ethics of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) cautions psychiatrists against making public statements about public figures whom they have not formally evaluated. The APA's concern is to safeguard the public perception of psychiatry as a scientific and credible profession. The ethic is that diagnostic terminology and theory should not be used for speculative or ...

It has been suggested that large regional differences could be an obstacle to that part of the political accountability of office-holders which is based on yardstick competition among governments. The paper addresses that question and concludes that the obstacle is not too serious in general. The second part of the paper is devoted to the persistent economic underperformance of some regions in ...

Humans are a coalitional, parochial species. Yet, extreme actions of solidarity are sometimes taken for distant or unrelated groups. What motivates people to become solidary with groups to which they do not belong originally? Here, we demonstrate that such distant solidarity can occur when the perceived treatment of an out-group clashes with one's political beliefs (e.g., for Leftists, oppressi...

this paper seeks to examine the current situation of development in the middle east and particularly the challenges ahead of the region in attaining sustainable development and human development in the near future. the elitist theory is adopted as the conceptual framework for the research, since in the absence of institutionalization, the attitudes and behavior of power-holders serve as valid g...

Women constitute over half of the world's population and enjoy, at least in the eyes of the law, full participatory political license-the right to vote and run for any elective office-in nearly all nation states. Despite this apparent environment of opportunity, women remain grossly underrepresented in national legislatures throughout the world. Exactly why nearly worldwide de jure political eq...

I examine the effect of political turnover on government expenditure policy in Indian state legislatures during 1980-2000. Much similar to arguments for term limits, greater turnover of elected may weaken their hold on the office, and hence, forces them to be more competent. However, a counter-argument is that greater turnover shortens an elected official’s expected stay in the office, which gi...