Nitrous oxide (N2O) from nitrogen fertilizers applied to sugarcane has high environmental impact on ethanol production. This study aimed to determine the main microbial processes responsible for the N2O emissions from soil fertilized with different N sources, to identify options to mitigate N2O emissions, and to determine the impacts of the N sources on the soil microbiome. In a field experimen...

Polymer coated urea (PCU) is a N fertilizer which, when added to moist soil, uses temperature-controlled diffusion to regulate N release in matching plant demand and mitigate environmental losses. Uncoated urea and PCU were compared for their effects on gaseous (N2O and NH3) and aqueous (NO3(-)) N environmental losses in cool season turfgrass over the entire PCU N-release period. Field studies ...

The cytosolic malic enzyme from the pigeon liver is sensitive to chemical denaturant urea. When monitored by protein intrinsic fluorescence or circular dichroism spectral changes, an unfolding of the enzyme in urea at 25 degrees C and pH 7.4 revealed a biphasic phenomenon with an intermediate state detected at 4-5 m urea. The enzyme activity was activated by urea up to 1 m but was completely lo...

This chapter provides information on some recent developments of fertilizer production and use that improve nutrient efficiency and minimize environmental impact. The nutrients discussed are mainly N, P, and S. Improving N nutrient efficiency includes use of (1) controlled-release coated urea products, (2) slowrelease urea–aldehyde polymer products, (3) urea supergranules for deep placement, (4...

Poorly drained claypan soils can increase the importance of tillage and N management for corn (Zea mays L.) production. Field research in 2008, 2009 and 2010 (high rainfall years) near Novelty, MO (40° 1' N, 92° 11' W) sought to determine the effect of polymer-coated urea (PCU) placement [strip-tillage (ST) deep banded and no-till (NT) broadcast] and application timing (fall, early preplant...

Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) starch,  prepared as crosslinked starch-urea (CSU), was utilized in the formulation of matrix tablets ambroxol hydrochloride. CSU synthesized by gelatinization plantain starch urea, with calcium chloride. Native and were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical material properties. Ambroxol hydrochloride prepared CSU, ...

A supramolecular network polymer consisting of a pair of immiscible polymers, poly(butyl)methacrylate (PBMA) and polystyrene (PS), is described. A urea of guanosine (1, UG) and 2,7-diamido-1,8-naphthyridine (2, DAN), which form an exceptionally strong quadruply hydrogen-bonding complex, are displayed at 1-10 mol % along the main backbone of PBMA and PS, respectively. (1)H NMR studies show heter...

Polymer-coated urea (PCU) was developed to better synchronize nitrogen (N) supply with crop needs and reduce N losses. The objective of this work evaluate the effects different rates prepared using combinations ESN on corn (Zea mays L.), grain yield, yield components, in-season nutritional status, residual soil N. Field experiments were conducted two sites in eastern Ontario (Canada); Kemptvill...

A starch-urea-based biodegradable coordination polymer modified by transition metal Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was prepared by polycondensation of starch and urea. All the synthesized polymeric compounds were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, (13)C-NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectra, magnetic moment measurements, different...