OBJECTIVE To describe new measures of risk from case-control and cohort studies, which are simple to understand and relate to numbers of the population at risk. DESIGN Theoretical development of new measures of risk. SETTING Review of literature and previously described measures. MAIN RESULTS The new measures are: (1) the population impact number (PIN), the number of those in the whole po...

Objective: To describe new measures of risk from case-control and cohort studies, which are simple to understand and relate to numbers of the population at risk. Design: Theoretical development of new measures of risk. Setting: Review of literature and previously described measures. Main results: The new measures are: (1) the population impact number (PIN), the number of those in the whole popu...

OBJECTIVES To examine the prospective associations between consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice with type 2 diabetes before and after adjustment for adiposity, and to estimate the population attributable fraction for type 2 diabetes from consumption of sugar sweetened beverages in the United States and United Kingdom. DESIGN Systematic re...

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to provide information on awareness of the attributable fraction of cancer causes among the Japanese general population. METHODS A nationwide representative sample of 2,000 Japanese aged 20 or older was asked about their perception and level of concern about various environmental and genetic risk factors in relation to cancer prevention, as a part of an Omni...

The attributable fraction of a disease due to an exposure is the fraction of disease cases in a population that can be attributed to that exposure. We consider the attributable fraction for a semi-continuous exposure, that is an exposure for which a clump of people have zero exposure and the rest of the people have a continuously distributed positive exposure. Estimation of the attributable fra...