In order for a vehicle to follow a predetermined trajectory accurately, its position must be estimated accurately and reliably. In this paper, we propose new lateral control methods for unmanned vehicles and a positioning system using ultrasonic waves. The positioning problem is considered as an important issue of control problem for unmanned navigation of a vehicle. Dead Reckoning is widely us...

In this paper a Protocol for Location And Coordinates Estimation (PLACE) is presented as a distributed multihop positioning approach based on wireless sensor networks without relying on GPS data at each sensor node. It is suitable for military applications where GPS services are unavailable, instable, or unreliable. PLACE conducts the positioning task in three phases: distance estimating, posit...

In light of the accuracy of particle swarm optimization-particle filter (PSO-PF) inadequate for multi-robot cooperative positioning, the paper presents population density particle swarm optimization-particle filter (PDPSO-PF), which draws cooperative coevolutionary algorithm in ecology into particle swarm optimization. By taking full account of the competitive relationship between the environme...

BACKGROUND The current lack of a standardized protocol for positioning of the gamma camera relative to the horse limb in a lateral stifle scintigram, and thus the reliance on subjective positioning, may be a cause of diagnostic error and inter-operator variability due to variations of the view angle. The aims of this study were to develop a reliable method to obtain a lateral scintigram of the ...

Does positioning have an effect on GOR? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (Carroll, 2002) quotes a controlled prospective study of 9 infants with GOR (Orenstein, 1983) which found that positioning at a 60 degree elevation in an infant seat increased reflux compared with the prone position. A later study by the same author (Orenstein, 1990) found no significant difference betwe...

The paper evaluates technical and logistics developments that could lead to increased economic and technical efficiency of rail–road transport terminals. The main design parameters are identified (length and utilisation of transhipment tracks, train and truck arrival behaviour/patterns, type and number of handling equipment, mean stacking height in the storage area, terminal access system and p...

background: in order to assign appropriate planning target volume (ptv) margins, each centre should measure the patient positioning deviations for their set-up techniques. at the royal marsden hospital, uk, a conformal shell (cast) system is used when a stereotactic frame is not suitable. in this paper, we report on a series of measurements with the aim of obtaining the systematic and random co...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of limb positioning and measurement technique on the magnitude of the radiographically determined tibial plateau angle (R-TPA). STUDY DESIGN In vitro study, R-TPA was determined by 6 blinded observers and image measurement software. ANIMALS Five canine cadaver hind limbs. METHODS The legs were positioned on a custom-made positioning device simulating a rad...