Himalayan rivers have very unusual Sr characteristics and their budget cannot be achieved by simple mixing between silicate and carbonate even if carbonates are radiogenic. We present Sr, O, and C isotopic data from river and rain water, bedload and bedrock samples for the western and central Nepal Himalaya and Bangladesh, including the monsoon season. Central Himalayan rivers receive Sr from s...

Flow variability plays an important role in structuring lotic communities, yet comparatively little is known about processes governing assemblage dynamics in stream ecosystems with stable environmental conditions, such as spring-fed rivers. Volcanic spring-fed rivers (hereafter spring-fed rivers) occur in geologically active landscapes of the western USA and around the globe. We sampled inverte...

Rivers are an important source of mercury (Hg) to marine ecosystems. Based on an analysis of compiled observations, we estimate global present-day Hg discharges from rivers to ocean margins are 27 ± 13 Mmol a(-1) (5500 ± 2700 Mg a(-1)), of which 28% reaches the open ocean and the rest is deposited to ocean margin sediments. Globally, the source of Hg to the open ocean from rivers amounts to 30%...

The 0908 typhoon “Morakot” heavily attacked Taiwan. It brought strong rainfall which not only caused water level rise in several reservoirs and rivers, but also triggered a large number of landslides, debris flow, collapse and other geological disasters. All of these changes resulted in flooding, and for the worst, several villages were buried. In this paper, using NDVI(Normal Differential Vege...

We examined natural water sources in the U.S. for the presence of bacteria resistant to natural and human-produced antimicrobial agents. The impact of these aquatic organisms on diseases in man and animals is unknown but resident bacteria in water represent a potentially important reservoir of resistance genes. Further, the presence of resistant organisms is usually an indication of some select...

In this paper, a zero-voltage and zero-current transition (ZVZCT) boost converter is presented with small number of auxiliary components, such as resonant capacitor, inductor an power switch, to produce main switch both switching (ZVS) (ZCS). Furthermore, the also has zero current switching. addition, look-up table employed implement auto-tuning technique regulate trigger position turn-on time ...

Methane (CH4 ) fluxes from world rivers are still poorly constrained, with measurements restricted mainly to temperate climates. Additional river flux measurements, including spatio-temporal studies, are important to refine extrapolations. Here we assess the spatio-temporal variability of CH4 fluxes from the Amazon and its main tributaries, the Negro, Solimões, Madeira, Tapajós, Xingu, and Pará...

The windings of rivers have long fascinated their human observers. For example, Aboriginal legend explains the sinuous pattern of the modern Finke River (Fig. 1) as the creation of the immense and powerful Rainbow Serpent as he emerged during the Dreamtime from deep waterholes. Recently in PNAS (1), a new theory for the general origin of such sinuous flow patterns was published, which follows f...

Gregory Bateson was one of the last and most distinguished products of the school of anthropology that Haddon and Rivers created in Cambridge after the Torres Strait Expedition. Beginning his career shortly after Rivers' death, Bateson used the interwar years to create a theoretical approach that continued and deflected that of Haddon and Rivers. His major ethnography from this period, Naven, e...

1. Comparative research and generalisations in lotic ecology are challenged by the dynamic hydrology of fluvial systems. The aim of this study was to understand more fully how factors such as light, nutrients and flow can predict variation in autochthonous production and algal biomass. 2. We measured seasonal changes in percent bankfull discharge, inorganic nutrient concentrations, turbidity, i...