Essential hypertension affects 75% of post-menopausal women in the United States causing greater cardiovascular complications compared with age-matched men and pre-menopausal women. Hormone replacement and current anti-hypertensive therapies do not correct this post-menopausal increased risk suggesting a distinct pathogenic framework. We investigated the hypothesis that distinct genetic determi...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of pipelle in sampling diagnostic material from the uterine cavity and determining clinical factors, which may affect its effectiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS The retrospective analysis included 312 patients who underwent pipelle biopsy because of various indications. Evaluated factors which may affect the effectiveness of this me...

Post-menopausal bleeding occurs in 4-11% of post-menopausal women with the most common cause being endometrial atrophy followed by malignancies genital tract. Vaginal varices are a rare and usually seen pregnant women. They less than vulval varicosities which occur 2-4%of pregnancies. Other causes vaginal portal hypertension, pelvic congestion syndrome Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Here we report...

Background: To find out those reproductive factors to incidence of breast cancer overall and by menopausal status. Materials and Methods: This was a case – control study, in which, the risk of menstrual, pregnancy- delivery and menopausal factors were determined in women with breast cancer (case) against those without (control). The risk factors stratified by menopausal status also. A total of ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the histologic and hysteroscopic findings of post-menopausal women with uterine bleeding and asymptomatic women with increased endometrial thickness equal or more than 5 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed between May 2014 and June 2015 on 110 post-menopausal women aged 40-82 years. The women were divided into two groups: Women with abno...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between indications and histopathological results in patients undergoing endometrial sampling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 4,247 patients undergoing endometrial sampling due to non-obstetric gynecological causes between January 2010 and October 2016 were retrospectively evaluated using the archives of the Gynecology and Obstetrics C...

Introduction Abnormal uterine bleeding is a major gynecological problem, accounting for 33% of outpatient referrals, including 69% of referrals in peri-menopausal, and postmenopausal age group.[1,2] Evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding in women ≥40 years or menopausal women is of critical importance to confirm the benign nature of the problem, and to exclude endometrial carcinoma, so that me...